Drunk Driving Defense

DUI Insurance

Iowa DUI Guide: Car Insurance Everything You Need to Know About First Offender DUI / DWI, Drinking Driving and Drugs Home | State By State Help | DUI Lawyers | Insurance Help | Breath Testers | DUI Videos Other States Iowa Topics Iowa DUI Iowa Car Insurance Iowa DUI Lawyers Google Search Results Iowa Auto Insurance Since 1993, InsureMe has helped countless consumers save money on their auto insurance. Fast, easy and free. With our free service, enter your information once and you are instantly matched with the most competitive companies in the business. You'll get back up to five quotes so you can compare and save. At InsureMe, we shop your insurance so you don't have to. Your privacy is important to us. At InsureMe, we use the highest level of security available to safeguard your personal information. We hate spam just as much as you do, so we'll never sell or rent your email address for mass marketing. Why not get started today? Get Quote Now Home > State By State Help > Iowa DUI > Car Insurance DISCLAIMER : This website provides only general information intended for those charged with drunk driving offenses. The information and news items on the site are for information only. This information is not legal advice, nor is it intended to create any binding advisory relationship. Do not take action based upon this information unless you consult with an attorney or other specialist. © 2005 Drivers Research Institute   All Rights Reserved   Send eMail   Advertise With Us

California DUI Attorney, Los Angeles DUI Attorney, Orange County DUI Attorney, California DUI Lawyer, Los Angeles DUI Lawyer, Orange County DUI Lawyer, DUI Los Angeles DUI Attorney Orange County DUI Attorney "Aggressively Applying our Legal Skills to Your Problem" Click here for a FREE CASE ANALYSIS Southern California DUI Attorney Vincent John Tucci will be speaking at a seminar on October 11, 2005 for Strategies In Handling DWI And DUI Cases DUI/DWI Trials Our Mission & Goals DMV Hearings Info on Hearings & SR-22 DMV Suspensions Mature Driver Links & Resources Negligent Operator California's Point System Expungement Practice Limited to DUI & DMV Defense (949) 872-2700 "Aggressively Applying our Legal Skills to Your Problem" 24 Hour Assistance * Immediate Jail Release * Free Initial Consultation Questions to Ask your Prospective Attorney Vincent Tucci Your Attorney Does the attorney you're interviewing regularly lecture on DUI & DMV issues at seminars ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified in the protocols for a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified on the Alco-Sensor IV PAS Device ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified on the Datamaster CDM Evidentiary Breath Machine ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Field Sobriety Test Protocols ? Has the attorney you're interviewing attended the Borkenstein Class at Indiana University on Alcohol, Drugs, and Highway Safety ? Is the attorney you're interviewing a Board of Director member of the California DUI Lawyer Assn ? Has the attorney you're interviewing ever been asked IN WRITING by the Director of the CA DMV to videotape their hearings to instruct their hearing officers ? Here's the link to the letter. Firm Profile | DUI Defense | Drunk Driving Laws | DUI Lawyer | CA DUI Research | Contact Info | Site Map California Drunk Driving and Boating Attorney, DUI Defense Lawyer, DUI Attorney in : Alhambra, Arcadia, Artesia, Avalon, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Bell, Bellflower, Bell Gardens, Beverly Hills, Bradbury, Burbank, Torrance Dui Attorney, Carson, Cerritos, Claremont, Commerce, Compton, Covina, Cudahy, Culver City, Diamond Bar, Downey, Duarte, El Monte, El Segundo, Gardena, Glendale, Glendora DUI, Hawaiian Gardens, Hawthorne, Hermosa Beach, Hidden Hills, Huntington Park, Industry, Inglewood, Irwindale, La Canada, Flintridge, La Habra Heights, Lakewood, La Mirada, Lancaster, La Puente, La Verne, Lawndale, Lomita, Long Beach, Los Angeles DUI, Lynwood, Malibu, Manhattan Beach, Maywood, Monrovia, Montebello, Monterey Park, Norwalk, Palmdale, Palos Verdes Estates, Paramount, Pasadena, Pico Rivera, Pomona, Rancho Palos Verdes, DUI Redondo Beach, Rolling Hills, Rolling Hills Estate, Rosemead, San Dimas, San Fernando, San Gabriel, San Marino, Santa Clarita, Santa Fe Springs, Santa Monica, San Pedro, Sierra Madre, Signal Hill, South El Monte, South Gate, South Pasadena, Temple City, Torrance, Vernon, Walnut, West Covina, West Hollywood, Westlake Village, Whittier, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach Manhattan Beach and Torrance California, DUI Attorney Torrance, DUI Attorney Gardena, DUI Attorney Long Beach, DUI Attorney Redondo Beach, DUI Attorney Manhattan Beach, DUI Lawyer Torrance, DUI Lawyer Hermosa Beach, DUI Newport Beach , Los Angeles County DUI Agoura Hills, Alhambra, Angeles Vista, Artesia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Bellflower, Beverly Hills, Big Pines, Boyle Heights, Burbank, Carson, Cerritos, Chatsworth, CIty Terrace, Claremont, Commerce, Compton, Covina, Culver City, Downtown LA, Downey, Eagle Rock, El Monte, El Segundo, Flintridge, Foothill Division, Gardena, Glendale, Glendora, Granada Hills, Hawaiian Gardens, Hawthorne, Hermosa Beach, Hidden Hills, HIghland Park, Highway Highlands, Hollywood, Industry, Inglewood, Irwindale, Korea Town, La Canada, La Cresenta, La Habra Heights, La Mirada, La Puente, La Verne, Lakewood, Lancaster, Lennox, Little Rock, Little Tokyo, Lomita, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Los Feliz, Los Nietos, Lynwood, Manhattan Beach, Marina Del Rey, Monterey Park, Montrose, Northridge, Norwalk, Palmdale, Palos Verdes Estates, Paramount, Pearl Blossom, Pico Rivera, Pomona, Rancho Palos Verdes, Redondo Beach, Reseda, Rolling Hills Estates, San Fernando, San Gabriel, San Pedro, Santa Clarita, Santa Fe Springs, Santa Monica DUI , Signal Hills, Sylmar, Temple City, Three Points, Torrance, Valinda, Van Nuys, , Verdugo City, Viewpark, Walnut, West Covina, West Hollywood, Westlake Village, Whittier, Wilmington Orange County Aliso Viejo, Anaheim, Balboa Island, Brea, Buena Park, Capistrano Beach, Corona Del Mar, Costa Mesa, Coto de Caza, Cowan Heights, Cypress, Dana Point, El Modena, El Toro, El Toro Marine Base, Foothill Ranch, Fountain Valley, Fullerton, Garden Grove, Huntington Beach, Irvine, La Habra, Laguna Beach, Laguna Hills, Laguna Niguel, Lake Forest, Leisure World, Lemon Heights, Los Alamitos, Mission Viejo, Modjeska Canyon, Newport Beach, Orange, Orange Park Acres, Placentia, Rancho San Margarita, Rossmoor, San Clemente, Santa Ana, Seal Beach, Silverado Canyon, Stanton, Sunset Beach, Surfside, Tustin, Villa Park, Westminster, Yorba Linda, Riverside, Rodea, Romoland, Sage, San Jacinto, Santa Ana Canyon, Soboba, Sun City, Temecula, Temescal Canyon, San Bernardino County Adelanto, Angles Oaks, Apple Valley, Bloomington, Chino, Chino Hills, Colton, El Mirage, Etiwanda, Forest Falls, Grand Terrace, Helendale, Hesperia, Highland, Loma Linda, Lucerne Valley, Mentone, Montclair, Ontario, Oro Grande, Phelan, Pinon Hills, Rancho Cucamonga, Redlands, Rialto, San Bernardino DUI, Victorville DUI , Wrightwood, Yucaipa Drunk Driving Attorney and Lawyer in California, DUI consequences, DUI Attorney assisstance, DUI Help, DUI, DWI and Drunk Driving Legal Advice in California, DUI and DWI Court Information and DUI Law in California. © 2005 Braden & Tucci All rights reserved Legal Disclaimer 82 Discovery - Irvine - California 92618 Telephone: (949) 872-2700 Facsimile: (949) 872-2708

OUIL 3RD - CHALLENGED

Districit Court Review for 1998 - Menu District Court Reviewfor 1998 - Menu Return to District Court Review Menu Return to Calhoun County Courts Homepage December JURY SELECTION - JURY - VOIR DIRE - CHALLENGE People v. Colon, 233 Mich App 295 (1998), 12/29/98 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - HEARSAY RULE - PRESENT SENSE IMPRESSIONEXCEPTION People v Henrickson,459 Mich 229 (1998) 12/28/98 OUIL 3RD - CHALLENGED PRIOR PLEA-BASED CONVICTION - NO COURT APPOINTEDATTORNEY People v Reichenbach,459 Mich 109 (1998), 12/22/98 MISREPRESENTING THE IDENTITY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH INTENT TO DEFRAUD- WHAT CONSTITUTES INTENT - FELONY OR MISDEMEANOR People v. Venticinque,459 Mich 90 (1998), 12/22/98 November October OUIL - REFUSAL OF BREATHALYZER TEST - SEARCH WARRANT - EFFECTOF DESTRUCTION OF BLOOD SAMPLE ON ADMISSIBILITY OF TEST RESULTS People v. Jagotka,232 Mich App 346 (1998), 10/27/98 AUTO ACCIDENT - NO-FAULT BENEFITS - INJURY DUE TO ATTACK BY OTHER DRIVERAFTER ACCIDENT - INJURY RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION FUNCTION COVERED Morosini v. CitizensInsurance Company (On Remand), 232 Mich App 259 (1998), 10/20/98 September August EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT - EMPLOYEE REQUIRED TO PAY FOR TRAININGIF WORKS LESS THAN SIX YEARS - EMPLOYER NOT RECEIVING REMUNERATION OR CONSIDERATIONWHICH WOULD VOID CONTRAT Sands Appliance Servicesv. Wilson, 231 Mich App 405 (1998), 8/28/98 July Top of Page June OUIL - MOTION TO SUPPRESS BREATHALYZER TEST - FAILURE TO OBSERVEDEFENDANT 15 MINUTES BEFORE TEST - HARMLESS ERROR People v. Wujkowski,230 Mich App 181 (1998), 6/5/98 SECOND DEGREE MURDER - INTENT - MALICE - MOTION TO AMEND INFORMATION People v Goecke; Peoplev Baker; People v Hoskinson, 457 Mich 442 (1998), 6/2/98 OUIL - MOTION TO SUPPRESS BLOOD ALCOHOL TEST - FAILURE TO INFORM DEFENDANTOF CHEMICAL TEST RIGHTS People v. Borchard-Ruhland, 230 Mich App 166 (1998), 6/2/98 May OUIL 3RD - DRIVING ON SUSPENDED OR REVOKED LICENSE 2ND - CHALLENGEDPRIOR PLEA-BASED CONVICTION - COLLATERAL OR DIRECT ATTACK People v. Ward, 230Mich App 95 (1998), 5/26/98 LAND CONTRACT FORFEITURE - JUDGMENT LANGUAGE CONTRARY TO MCLA600.5741 - REDEMPTION PERIOD - WRIT OF RESTITUTION Wilson v. Taylor, 457Mich 232 (1998), 5/6/98 April JUDGMENT - ORDER FOR INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS - GARNISHMENT OFPROFIT-SHARING CHECK Meyer Jewelry Co v.Johnson, 229 Mich App 177 (1998), 4/3/98 Top of Page March MANSLAUGHTER - DISCOVERY OF INFORMATION OBTAINED BY THE PROSECUTORTHROUGH INVESTIGATIVE SUBPOENAS People v. Pruitt, 229Mich App 82 (1998), 3/27/98 SLANDER OF TITLE - EXEMPLARY DAMAGES - ATTORNEY FEES - PREJUDGMENT INTEREST B&B InvestmentGroup v. Gitler, 229 Mich App 1 (1998), 3/24/98 DUIL - BREATHALYZER - RIGHT OF ATTORNEY TO PRIVATELY TALK TO CLIENTBEFORE TEST - MOTION TO SUPPRESS TEST RESULTS City of Ann Arbor v.McCleary, 228 Mich App 674 (1998), 3/17/98 MULTICOUNTY CITIZENS' GRAND JURY - VALIDITY OF COURT OF APPEALS ORDERCONVENING - SCOPE OF INQUIRY People v. Morris, 228Mich App 380 (1998), 3/3/98 IMPAIRED DRIVING 2ND - BREATHALYZER TEST - MOTION TO SUPPRESS BREATHALYZERTEST - BREATHALYZER NOT TESTED FOR 13 DAYS People v. Rexford,228 Mich App 371 (1998), 3/3/9 8 Top of Page February OPEN MEETINGS ACT - JURY INSTRUCTIONS - CRIMINAL VIOLATIONIS SPECIFIC INTENT CRIME People v. Whitney,228 Mich App 230 (1998), 2/24/98 NO-FAULT INSURANCE - ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS - STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS- MENTAL INCOMPETENCY - TOLLING THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS Professional RehabilitationAssociates v. State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co., 228 Mich App 167 (1998), 2/20/98 DUIL 3RD - CHALLENGED PRIOR PLEA BASED CONVICTIONS - RIGHT TO COUNSEL- DEFENDANT ADEQUATELY ADVISED AS TO RIGHT TO COUNSEL People v. Asquini,227 Mich App 702 (1998), 2/6/98 CARRYING A CONCEALED WEAPON - SEARCH AND SEIZURE - NO SEIZURE - EVIDENCEIN PLAIN VIEW People v. Shankle,227 Mich App 690 (1998), 2/6/98 DUIL - DEFENDANT NOT OPERATING MOTOR VEHICLE AT TIME OF ARREST - ACCIDENTEXCEPTION NOT APPLICABLE - BLOOD ALCOHOL RESULTS ADMISSIBLE IF ARREST CONSTITUTIONALLYVALID People v. Lyon, 227Mich App 599 (1998), 2/3/98 January OPEN AND GROSS LEWDNESS AND LASCIVIOUS BEHAVIOR - CONSTITUTIONALITY - ELEMENTS OF CRIME People v. Mell, 227Mich App 508 (1998), 1/23/98 OUIL - PIT AREA OF OWENDALE SPEEDWAY COVERED BY STATUTE People v. Nickerson,227 Mich App 434 (1998), 1/20/98 Top of Page Return to District Court Review Menu Return to Calhoun County Courts Homepage Last updated 7-11-99 Send your comments, questions and suggestions to Phil Harter at 161E Michigan Avenue, Battle Creek, Michigan 49014 or e mail to pharter@internet1.net

Driving Under Influence

Driving under the influence Meeting Homepage Index | Information | Schedule | Photos | Abstracts | TIAFT Homepage Abstracts Opening Lectures Interpretation of Analytical Results Drugs of Abuse and Doping Validation of Analytical Procedures Analysis of Alternative Materials Driving under the Influence Free Topics Posters Driving under the Influence The German Approach to Solving the Problem of Driving under the Influence of Drugs. ZERO TOLERANCE vs. IMPAIRMENT Manfred R. Moeller*, Stefan Steinmeyer, and Stefan Bregel Institute of Legal Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany In August 1998, a new law (A24a StVG) came into force in Germany sanctioning people suspected of driving under the influence of certain illicit drugs. The drugs are: Amphetamine, MDMA, MDE, Cannabis, Cocaine, Heroin, and Morphine (Heroin detected as morphine; cocaine as benzoylecgonine) According to the law, the presence of any of the drugs in any concentration in the blood of a subject is prima facie evidence of his/her impairment. The law is so new that there are no general guidelines followed by all the states in the Federal Republic of Germany. In Saarland, when a driver is stopped (usually at a check point), and the police officer suspects that the driver has drugs in his system, the officer has two choices: order a blood test if he thinks the subject is unfit to drive safely, or he can first ask for a urine test if the signs of impairment are not very strong. In the first situation where a blood sample is ordered directly, the case is referred to the court for criminal offence (if any psychoactive drugs are detected). The same procedure is followed in the case of an accident or when the police observe unsafe driving manoeuvres. If in the second situation the urine test is negative, the subject is allowed to go home free with no penalty. However, if the urine test is positive, a blood sample is ordered. If any of the banned drugs of A24a StVG are detected in the blood, the subject is charged with an administrative offence which carries a fine of up to DM 500 (EUR 255) and a one month suspension of thedriver's license. The success of this approach depends entirely on the accuracy of the officers' observations and the reliability of the urine and blood tests. The urine tests are presently under investigation in eight European countries in the ROSITA project. Laboratories performing blood tests must document their proficiency by mandatory participation in the GTFCh proficiency program. Furthermore, the police officers have to be trained to detect even moderate signs of drug impairment. Such a training program is now available in Germany and is being translated into other languages. Keywords: Zero Tolerance, Analytical Approach, Illicit Drugs. The Elaboration of the New 'Per se' Legislation on Drugs and Driving in Belgium: an Insider's View Alain G. Verstraete* 1 , Viviane A. Maes 2 1 Laboratory of Clinical Biology-Toxicology, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Gent, Belgium 2 Department of Clinical Chemistry-Toxicology, Academic Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium Awareness of the problem of driving under the influence of illicit drugs and (to a lesser extent) medicines has increased in Belgium recently. An impairment-type article has existed in the law for many years, but it is seldom enforced. In 1995 and 1996, different deputies introduced proposals for a law allowing sampling of blood or urine for the analysis of drugs. These proposals were never adopted. After publication of the results of the Belgian Toxicology and Trauma Study (drugs were found in 19% of injured drivers) in December 1996, the Secretary of State for Security started working on a project of law, which was adopted by the Council of Ministers in March 1997. According to this project, it was forbidden to drive a vehicle if substances known to impair driving could be detected by toxicological analysis. The list of drugs, the sample, the analysis method and the cutoffs would be determined later by Royal Decree. This draft was sent to the State Council, which made different remarks, one of which was that the list of substances, the method of their determination and the cutoffs should be written in the law. The Secretary of State then set up an advisory committee, composed of toxicologists and a police officer who leads the drug program. A scientific report was written on the effects of drugs on driving, their concentrations in body fluids, and on the best methods of detecting impairing drugs. A compromise was found between the scientific recommendations and the political possibilities. A second, profoundly changed, project of law was then drafted. A three-step process was proposed: (1) the assessment of external signs of the presence of drugs by a standardized test battery, (2) if the signs are detected, an on-site immunoassay for amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine metabolites or opiates in urine and (3) if the immunoassay is positive, blood sampling by a physician for GC/MS analysis. The analytical cutoffs mentioned in the law are: 2 ng/ml of THC, 20 ng/ml of free morphine, 50 ng/ml of amphetamine, MDMA, MDEA, MBDB, benzoylecgonine or cocaine. This was discussed in both houses of parliament, with a hearing of toxicologists in the parliamentary commission (and many interesting questions). The law was adopted unanimously (minus one abstention in the Senate) by both houses of parliament, and published in March 1999. A prevention campaign on medicines and driving was also set up. Keywords: Drugs, DUID, Legislation. Cutoff Concentrations for Drugs of Abuse in Saliva for DUI, DWI or other Driving-Related Crimes Vina Spiehler* 1 , Dene Baldwin 2 and Christopher Hand 2 1 Newport Beach, CA 92663 USA 2 Cozart Bioscience Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfords, UK Drug concentrations in saliva reflect the free, unbound parent drug and lipophilic metabolites. Since these are the forms of the drug which cross the blood-brain barrier and affect performance and behavior, saliva is a good specimen for detecting drug involvement in driving behavior. Drug concentrations in saliva are a function of saliva pH for drugs that have a pKa of between 5.5 and 8.5. This is true of many drugs of abuse. For these compounds the saliva/plasma ratio can vary between stimulated and unstimulated saliva. For this reason it is more conservative to use a cutoff value for drugs of abuse in saliva rather than to determine the absolute concentration. Theoretical range of saliva/plasma ratios over a saliva pH range of 6.4 - 7.6 were calculated for cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, codeine, methadone and diazepam and compared to published saliva/plasma ratios. The lowest ratio values were multiplied by the lower limit plasma levels for therapeutic or recreational effects from Uges (TIAFT Bulletin 1996, 26(1) Supplement). The resulting suggested cutoffs for saliva are: cocaine 60 ng/ml, amphetamine 56 ng/ml, methamphetamine 78 ng/ml, 6-MAM 30 ng/ml, morphine 60 ng/ml, codeine 165 ng/ml, methadone 50 ng/ml, diazepam 3.6 ng/m, alprazolam 1.5 ng/ml and nordiazepam 6 ng/ml. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabinoic acid (THCA) are excreted in only trace amounts in saliva. Cannabinoids in saliva are usually due to residuals left in the mouth during ingestion or smoking of marijuana or marijuana products. A rather high cutoff concentration of 100 ng/ml THC is recommended based on literature reports. At this cutoff concentration a positive saliva result for THC will indicate recent smoking of marijuana. These theoretical cutoff values will be compared to the results of field studies and clinical trials with the RapiScan on-site saliva drug test device. The RapiScan uses 1 ml of saliva collected with the OmniSal and diluted 1:1 with elution buffer. The Rapiscan uses a cutoff of 20 ng/ml for amphetamines, opiates, cocaine and 50 ng/ml for THC. Keywords: Cutoff Concentrations, Drugs, Saliva. Capillary Electrophoresis Instruments and Techniques for Forensic Toxicology Problem Solving Jerzy Superata MEDIM (Beckman Coulter), Warszawa, Poland Capillary electrophoresis is a rapidly developing analytical technique. There is a number of its inherent features which make it particularly promising for toxicological applications. High analytical resolution and efficiency, speed, minimal sample usage and flexibility permitting quick change-over of capillaries buffers and/or detection systems are the most significant examples. The latest generation of capillary electrophoresis instruments represented by P/ACE MDQ System (Beckman-Coulter) can provide the forensic toxicologist with accurate and reproducible analytical results that can be easily quantified, compared and documented. The spectral library of the diode array detection system facilitates identification of unknown chemicals. The other detection options include: UV, single or dual Laser Induced Fluorescence detectors for selectivity and sensitivity, mass spectrometer for positive identification. The optimised, effective capillary cooling enables most demanding applications (e.g. chiral analyses). The robotic, cooled autosampler can be used for on-line sample preparation and automation of new methods development. The forensic and clinical toxicology problems solved by capillary electrophoresis range from analyses of inorganic ions, drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals, metabolites, hormones, poisons, environmental pollutants, peptide, protein and other bio-toxins to monitoring changes in biological tissues exerted by toxic actions. The applications are not limited to hydrophilic or ionizable compounds. Different techniques can be applied to achieve the best analytical results even with difficult samples. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Isotachophoresis, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography, Capillary Gel Electrophoresis, Capillary Isoelectric Focusing, Capillary Electrochromatography or Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectrometry - can be used sequentially or combined on the same instrument according to specific needs.

DUI Insurance

North Carolina DUI Guide: Car Insurance Everything You Need to Know About First Offender DUI / DWI, Drinking Driving and Drugs Home | State By State Help | DUI Lawyers | Insurance Help | Breath Testers | DUI Videos Other States North Carolina Topics North Carolina DUI North Carolina Car Insurance North Carolina DUI Lawyers Google Search Results North Carolina Auto Insurance Since 1993, InsureMe has helped countless consumers save money on their auto insurance. Fast, easy and free. With our free service, enter your information once and you are instantly matched with the most competitive companies in the business. You'll get back up to five quotes so you can compare and save. At InsureMe, we shop your insurance so you don't have to. Your privacy is important to us. At InsureMe, we use the highest level of security available to safeguard your personal information. We hate spam just as much as you do, so we'll never sell or rent your email address for mass marketing. Why not get started today? Get Quote Now Home > State By State Help > North Carolina DUI > Car Insurance DISCLAIMER : This website provides only general information intended for those charged with drunk driving offenses. The information and news items on the site are for information only. This information is not legal advice, nor is it intended to create any binding advisory relationship. Do not take action based upon this information unless you consult with an attorney or other specialist. © 2005 Drivers Research Institute   All Rights Reserved   Send eMail   Advertise With Us