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Driving Under the Influence of Drugs: An Increasing Problem Sign the Resolution Contents | Feedback | Search DRCNet Home | Join DRCNet DRCNet Library | SchafferLibrary | Drugs and Driving Driving Under the Influence of Drugs: An Increasing Problem J. Mrland, K-M. Beylich, A. Bjrneboe, A. S. Christophersen National Institute of Forensic Toxicology, P.O. Box 9934, Ila 0132, Oslo, Norway ABSTRACT The Norwegian road traffic act prohibits driving under the influence of alcohol (A)and/or other psychoactive drugs (PD). In practice police officers refer the suspecteddriver to blood sampling without or with a clinical examination depending on suspicion ofA or PD involvement, respectively. All blood samples are analyzed at one nationalinstitute. In PD cases written expert witness statements are accompanying the result ofthe clinical examination and blood concentration determinations, which together give thebasis for sentences by the courts in a large percentage of the positive cases. A dramatic change has been observed over the last 10 years with respect to A- andPD-cases. A-cases have declined from about 10 500 in 1983 to 5 500 in 1993, while PD-caseshave increased from 800 to 3000 during the same period. In 1993 52% of the A-cases had BACs between 0,05 and 0,15 per cent, and 41% higher than0,15 per cent. 63% of the PD-cases contained PD, most often THC, amphetamine andbenzodiazepines, the latter often in combination with other drugs or in highconcentrations, 26% had BACs between 0,05 and 0,15 per cent, and 17% higher than 0,15 percent. Additional analyses for PD in all A-samples during two months revealed such drugs inapproximately 15% of the cases. Combination of our data gave the total picture in thewhole national sample of drivers apprehended under the suspicion of drunken or druggeddriving: A only (above 0,05 per cent) 51%, PD only 18%, A+PD 14% and 18% contained neitherA nor PD. PD were present in 39% of cases with positive analytical results. This studyappears to be the first conducted on a total national material focusing on PD and revealeda high prevalence of drugged driving. INTRODUCTION The Norwegian road traffic act prohibits driving under the influence of alcohol and/orother psychoactive drugs. Per year approximately 8000 - 9000 drivers are apprehended bythe police on the suspicion of either drunk or drugged driving. In all these cases a bloodsample is taken shortly after the apprehension, and this sample is subsequently analyzedby a single national institute. The analysis for foreign substances is directed by therequest from the police. The samples are routinely stored for more than one year. They cantherefore be screened for other drugs than originally asked for retrospectively, in asystematic manner. This was done in the present study with all samples arriving during twomonths of 1993. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of alcohol and/or otherdrugs in drivers as a group being suspected for influenced driving regardless of theprimary suspicion of the cause of their influence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Design The material consisted of the routine samples (10-20 ml whole blood in Therumo venojecttubes) sent to the National Institute of Forensic Toxicology (NIFT) from roadside trafficcases in the months February and September 1993. These were ordinary samples taken on therequest by the police on the suspicion of influenced driving. The reason for the suspicionwas seldomly given in the police documents, but was from other studies known to bestrange, reckless, dangerous driving or involvement in accidents in the majority of cases.In total the institute received 1197 blood samples from drivers suspected of driving underthe influence during these two months. In 739 cases the primary suspicion was influence ofalcohol, in 458 cases drugs were suspected as the sole or additional cause of influence.When the analytical work required by the police was finished, all samples were analyzedfor the substances indicated below (analytical). This was performed by noting the resultsobtained for those analyses already being performed for the police, anonymizing thesamples, coding the results and then subjecting the samples to analysis for the rest ofthe foreign substances included in this study. Analytical All blood samples were analyzed for alcohol (ethanol) by gaschromatography (GC) and anenzymatic (ADH) method, and screened for the following drugs: benzodiazepines,barbiturates, amphetamines, cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, other strong analgesics,tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, antihistamines and central muscle relaxants onappropriate immunologic and gas chromatographic methods used by NIFT for routine work.Positive results were confirmed by GC/MS-, HPLC- or GC methods and the substances werequantified versus calibrator samples made from dilutions of the respective pure compoundsin blood bank blood. The results were corrected for losses during analysis by use ofappropriate internal standards. RESULTS The prevalence of positive alcohol and drug findings in the material ispresented in Table 1. Samples with BACs of 0.05% (the lowest legal limit in Norway) orlower were considered as negative in this Table. Table 1 Distribution of Findings of Alcohol and other Psychoactive Drugs in Samples fromDrivers Suspected of Driving Under the Influence n % female (%) male(%) median age (years) Total 1197 100 8 92 29 Alcohol (>0.05%) Only 658 55 7 93 28 Drugs only 196 16 9 91 29 Alcohol and drugs 166 14 5 95 31 Neither alcohol nor drugs 177 15 12 88 29 It is seen from Table 1 that alcohol was found in 69 per cent of the cases, while thecorresponding percentage for psychoactive drugs was 30. The low percentage of women,specially in the group combining alcohol and drugs is notable. The latter group hadaccordingly the highest male percentage and also the highest median age. In Table 2 the distribution of drug findings is presented by BAC level.It is seen that the highest fraction of drug detections was found in alcohol negativesamples. It was also interesting to observe that a substantial percentage of samples withalcohol also contained drugs. This percentage decreased somewhat from 25 to 18, byincreasing BAC. Table 2 Distribution of Cases with Detection of Psychoactive Drugs BAC (%) n (total) n (with drugs) drug positive (in%) 0 259 167 64 0.0-0.05 114 29 25 0.051-0.10 179 39 22 0.101-0.15 220 50 23 >0,15 425 77 18 The cases with positive drug findings are presented in more detail inTable 3. This Table presents the material divided in five main groups, according towhether benzodiazepines, THC, amphetamine, opiates or other drugs had been found,mentioned in falling order of frequency of detection. The Table should be read e.g. forbenzodiazepines that these drugs were detected in 206 samples. In 19 of these 206 samplesonly one single benzodiazepine was found, in 103 cases alcohol was present besidesbenzodiazepine(s), in 23 cases more than one benzodiazepine was found, in 54 cases THC wasfound in addition to benzodiazepine(s) etc. It is seen from Table 3 that the sum of thedetections of the 5 main groups (n=526) exceeds the sum of drug positive cases (n=362).This was because many cases contained more than one drug. The details of these drug-drugcombinations can be read from the subgroups, "with---". For all five main groupsfinding of the main drug alone, was rather the exception than the rule. Amphetamine caseshad the highest frequency of measuring the main drug only (25%). In all groupscombinations of three different drugs were seen, most frequently in benzodiazepine and THCcases. The majority of cases in which only a single drug was found exhibited substantialdrug concentrations. This indicated supratherapeutic doses of medicinal drugs and recentuse of illegal drugs. Finally other medicinal drugs than benzodiazepines were seldomlyfound. The main contribution to "other drugs" was made by psychoactive centralacting muscle relaxants and paracetamol ( acetaminophene). Only one case with aneuroleptic drug was seen, and no cases with antidepressants and antihistamines. Table 3 Drug Detections in Samples Containing Psychoactive Drugs (N=362) Main drug Benzodiazepines THC Amphetamine Opiates Other drugs Total 206 147 81 58 34 Single main drug only 19 33 20 8 11 With BAC>0.05% 103 61 5 21 17 With (other) benzodiaz. 23 54 38 19 11 With THC 54 - 39 13 1 With amphetamine 38 39 - 5 1 With opiate 19 13 5 - 4 With other drug 11 1 1 4 - DISCUSSION This study shows that the main finding in blood samples from subjects being suspectedfor driving under the influence is alcohol, which was found above the legal limit in 69per cent of the samples. More surprising was the detection of psychoactive drugs in 30 percent of the samples from people suspected for influenced driving. Thus in 35 per cent ofsamples where any detection (alcohol, other drugs) was made some psychoactive drug otherthan alcohol was found. There are few published studies available for comparison. In otherstudies drugs have been found in 7 to 30 per cent of blood samples from fatally injureddrivers as reported from some countries ( for references see Gjerde et al, 1993). Forliving drivers who have not been subject to some kind of selection after apprehensionbefore blood analysis, there are few published data. In a comparable smaller material fromNorway, similar findings, as in the present study, were reported (Christophersen et al,1990). In a Danish study it was found that 5.5 per cent of drivers suspected for drunkendriving only had diazepam/N-desmethyldiazepam in their blood samples (Worm et al, 1985).In another report it was found that every third driver suspected to drive influenced byalcohol had another drug in his urine (Holmgren et al, 1985). Drugs can, however, bedetected in urine for much longer time periods than in blood, long after their influenceof the central nervous system has disappeared. In the present study blood was the onlymatrix analyzed. Our results, therefore, indicate recent use before driving. The frequentdetection of illicit drugs, alone or in combinations, and the finding of supratherapeuticconcentrations of therapeutic drugs in our material was accompanied by almost lack offinding of therapeutic drugs in therapeutic concentrations. Thus drivers on therapeuticdrug regimens seemed to be represented very seldomly in suspicious driving calling theattention from the police. On the other hand these results probably reflect that peoplewho are drug abusers often drive, and then in a way that gives rise to reaction from thepolice. The high concentrations found as well as the frequent detection of combinations inthe present study, indicated that influence of driving ability was likely in the majorityof the cases with detection of psychoactive drugs. Norway is a modern industrialized western European country with a mixture ofurban/suburban and rural population in the ratio 2:3. The size of the country is large(approx. 325 000 km2) compared to the population (4.3 million). The number of vehicles isabout 3 million. The drug problems are considered to be rather below than above theEuropean mean. Our finding that a psychoactive drug other than alcohol is involved inevery third case under suspicion of influenced driving in this country comes from anon-selected, nationwide material. It can therefore probably to some extent be consideredto be representative for other nations also. Differences in the awareness by the police ofthis problem, different legislation and other factors may contribute to variations betweencountries with regard to the real prevalence of the problem as well as to its discovery.Some generalizations appear, however, to be possible to make. The focus on alcohol shouldnot mislead us to forget other drugs that could be present very often in suspectedinfluenced driving cases. Thus a negative or low breath-alcohol test should not be used asthe only measure to free a person from further investigation in suspected driving cases.Accordingly, the look for better tests to discover influenced driving due to other drugsthan alcohol should be intensified. REFERENCES Christophersen, A.S., Gjerde H., Bjrneboe, A., Sakshaug, J. and Mrland, J.Screening for drug use among Norwegian drivers suspected of driving under influence ofalcohol and drugs. Forensic Sci. Int., 45:5-14, 1990. Gjerde, H., Beylich, K-M. and Mrland, J. Incidence of alcohol and drugs in fatallyinjured drivers in Norway. Accid. Anal. and Prev., 25:479-483, 1993. Holmgren, P., Loch, E. and Schuberth, J. Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: Onthe road detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders.Forensic Sci. Int., 27:57-65, 1985. Worm, K., Christensen, H. and Steentoft, A. Diazepam in blood of Danish drivers:Occurrence as shown by gas-liquid chromatographic assay following radioreceptor screening.J. of Forensic Sci. Soc., 25:407-413, 1985.



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Brampton dui DUI D.U.I. Brampton dui DUI D.U.I.: driving under the influence in Brampton, Canada The words dui laws, DUI law, D.U.I, and "driving under the influence", are usedby DUI lawyers and DUI attorneys in United States DUI Law . The expression "DUI" is not found in the CriminalCode of Canada. Canadians use terminology other than DUI or "driving underthe influence". In Brampton, Ontario we use the words "impaired driving" or"impaired operation", or "impaired care or control" but not "driving under the influence"or "driving under impairment". In Brampton, Canada it is any impairment byalcohol or a drug of one's ability to operate a motor vehicle combined withoperation that is forbidden, not "driving under impairment" or"driving under the influence" (DUI). It is also a "DUI"criminal offence in Canada to drive having more than 80 milligrams of alcoholper 100 mls of blood whether one's ability to drive is"influenced" (DUI) or not . Canada has two main substantive DUI law criminal offences: impaired operation or careor control , over 80 operation or careor control Section 253. Every one commits an offence who operates a motorvehicle or vessel or operates or assists in the operation of an aircraft orof railway equipment or has the careor control of a motor vehicle, vessel, aircraft or railway equipment,whether it is in motion or not, (a) while the person's ability to operate the vehicle, vessel, aircraft or railway equipment is impaired by alcohol or a drug; or (b) having consumed alcohol in such a quantity that the concentration in theperson's blood exceeds eighty milligrams of alcohol in one hundred millilitresof blood. Impaired operation or care or control in Brampton, Canada includes operation or care orcontrol of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft while one's ability to operateis impaired by alcohol or a drug to any degree of impairment. This DUI offence isproven by evidence of bad driving and various indicia of impairment observedsuch as slurred speech, difficulty with standing walking turning, red glassyglossy bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils, odor odour of an alcoholic beverage,complexion flushed face, and performance on physical tests. The DUI offence of excess blood alcohol or over 80 is usually proven by breathtests that determine blood alcohol concentration using and approved instrumentsuch as a Breathalyzer 900 900A or Intoxilyzer 5000C. Blood tests are used inDUI cases where breath testsare not practical to provide evidence of blood alcohol concentration. Both Canadian DUI offences are federal criminal law offences. The Crown in Brampton, Canada can prosecute a DUI in either of two ways. DUI offences are hybridoffences in Canada. The Crown may prosecute a DUI offence by indictment (roughlysimilar to a US felony DUI) or they may prosecute a DUI offence by summaryconviction (roughly similar to a US misdemeanor). The local Brampton Crown Attorney mustelect whether to proceed with the D.U.I. by indictment or by summary conviction.Until he or she elects, the DUI offence is deemed to be prosecuted byindictment. Most Canadian DUI offences are prosecuted by summary conviction. The usual penalty for a first DUI offence in Canada is a fine. The minimumsecond DUI offence penalty is 14 days in jail. The minimum penalty for a thirdDUI is 90 days in jail. There is always a DUI driving prohibition and the local province will suspend a DUI offender's driver's licence . If a US citizen or other non-Canadian citizen is convicted of a DUI offencein the USA or a dui offence in any country other than Canada, the DUI offenderwill be inadmissibleto Canada on grounds of criminality, unless rehabilitated , because the DUIoffence is deemed to be a Canadian DUI offence and all Canadian DUI offences aredeemed indictable (similar to a US felony - see above) unless the Crown haselected to proceed with the DUI offence by summary conviction (which will neverhave happened because the DUI offense occurred outside Canada. The situationwill be different if the DUI offence occurs in Canada and the Crown elects toproceed by summary conviction which they normally do. Click the banner for more Brampton and Canadian DUI law information. DUI, D.U.I., or driving under the influence is, however,an important concept used in the United States. For more detailed DUI legalinformation click on one of the links below: Alabama DUI DUI in Alabama D.U.I. in Alabama Alabama D.U.I. 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Cheers! Blood Alcohol Calculator Download. Calculate blood alcohol level get a button contact us home software catalogs new downloads submit a file rss feeds Home & Desktop > Health & Nutrition > Cheers! Blood Alcohol Calculator Cheers! Blood Alcohol Calculator 2.0.0 CHEERS! BLOOD ALCOHOL CALCULATOR SNAPSHOT Calculate blood alcohol level Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP Platform : USD $5 Price : 4.42 MB File Size : Screenshot Screenshot : Rating : 8/18/2004 Date Added : Technical Support : Enter your body weight, gender, number of drinks, and hours drinking and it calculates your blood alcohol level. The Cheers program is in the shape of a beer mug so it looks like a cute toy. It's fun and easy to use. But don't let looks fool you. It contains the very latest biological equations for the absorption and metabolism of alcohol. For just 5 dollars you can purchase the program to enable the advanced features. CHEERS! BLOOD ALCOHOL CALCULATOR RELATED DOWNLOADS PocketBFL: Body for LIFE Companion 1.8 PocketBFL provides Meal alarms,photos,charts PalmBFL:The Body for LIFE Companion 6.3.2 Complete body for life software for palm. Forever Journal 2.0 Forever Journal is secure and looks like a real journal on your screen! Health Kick 1 Diet & fitness management. EzGourmet 1.3 EzGourmet collection boasts 700,000 recipes! My Recipes 1.0 Collect and organize your favorite recipes Grandma Book of Recipes 1.00 Discover original Irish recipes and remedies Natura Sound Therapy 2.0 Relax to the sounds of nature on your PC Weightmania Pro 1.7.1 Track workouts, nutrition and measurements. Diet Pro 2005 Diet and weight management software DOWNLOADS FROM MICHAEL ROBINSON Egg Timer 1.0 Egg Timer is a simple countdown timer Click Clock 2.0.0 Clock, Calendar, Weather, Astronomy, & More! Cappy Screen Capture 3.0 Capture Screen & Make into a PowerPoint Slide Precision Image Digitizer 1.0 Trace & Record Coordinates in an Image File Huge Clock 1.0 Huge Clock covers entire screen RELATED TAGS analysis , blood , calculator , cat , health , hobby , home , into , meta , run , test . Audio : Games : Desktop : Business : Internet : Multimedia : Guide : Software Developer : Utilities : Web Developer : Screensavers © 2002-2006 TopShareware.com. Legal Disclaimer



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Department of Safety Internet - DUI Offenses Outline Skip to Content. Home | Forms | Online Services | Employment | Road Conditions | Newsroom | Contact Us Main content begins below. -- DUI OFFENSES OUTLINE [55-10-403] IMPLIED CONSENT 1ST TIME DUI OFFENDER 2ND TIME DUI OFFENDER 3RD TIME DUI OFFENDER 4TH AND SUBSEQUENT DUI OFFENDER VEHICULAR ASSAULT CHILD ENDANGERMENT VEHICULAR HOMICIDE AGGRAVATED VEHICULAR ASSAULT WHILE DRIVING INTOXICATED IMPLIED CONSENT - Refusal to Submit to Blood Alcohol (BAC) [55-10-405] Revocation of Drivers License for 1 year-1st offense Revocation of Drivers License for 2 years-2nd offense Revocation of Drivers License for 2 years if crash resulted in bodily injury (Most Aggravated Drunk Driving Law) Revocation of Drivers License for 5 years if crash resulted in a death (Most aggravated Drunk Driving Law. Back to Top 1ST TIME DUI OFFENDER - .08 (BAC) [55-10-401] [55-10-403] 48 hours to 11 months, 29 days of Jail .20 BAC or greater minimum jail time 7 consecutive days License revocation for 1 year You will be ordered to participate in a DUI school Pay restitution to any person suffering physical injury or personal loss $350-$1,500 Fine With towing, bail, attorney, high risk insurance, court costs, school, and reinstatement fees, your first offense average costs could add up to $4,900. Judge can order you to install a vehicle Ignition Interlock Device at your expense. Minimum 1st year cost $810 [55-10-412d] If two (2) convictions of DUI in 5 years, Ignition Interlock Device required for 6 months after reinstatement at your expense. Back to Top 2ND TIME DUI OFFENDER 45 days to 11 months, 29 days of jail $600-$3,500 mandatory fine License revocation for 2 years/Restricted License available after first year Subject to .08 BAC Subject to vehicle seizure/forfeiture You will be ordered to attend a DUI school The judge can order you to install a vehicle Ignition Interlock Device at your expense. If two (2) convictions of DUI in 5 years, Ignition Interlock Device required for 6 months after reinstatement at your expense. Pay restitution to ay person suffering personal injury or loss Back to Top 3RD TIME DUI OFFENDER 120 days to 11 months, 29 days in jail $1,100 to $10,000 mandatory fines License revocation for 3-10 years/NO restricted license available Subject to .08 BAC Subject to vehicle seizure/forfeit DUI school Judge could order an Ignition Interlock Device installed at your expense If two (2) convictions of DUI in 5 years, Ignition Interlock Device required for 6 months after reinstatement at your expense. Back to Top 4TH AND SUBSEQUENT DUI OFFENDER Class E Felony 1 Year (365) days of jail time with a minimum of 150 consecutive days served $3,000 to $15,000 mandatory fine License revocation for 5 years/NO restricted license available Subject to vehicle seizure/forfeit DUI school Judge could or an Ignition Interlock Device installed at your expense If two (2) convictions of DUI in 5 years, Ignition Interlock Device required for 6 months after reinstatement at your expense. Back to Top VEHICULAR ASSAULT - Serious injury to another person by a DUI driver . Class D Felony [39-13-106] License revocation from 1 to 5 years according to prior offenses Jail time 2 to 12 years according to range [40-35-112] Plus fines and court costs Back to Top CHILD ENDANGERMENT - DUI with passenger under 13 years old Class D felony if child suffers serious injury [55-10-414] [40-35-112] 2 to 4 years jail time Class C Felony if child death involved 3 to 6 years jail time License revocation Back to Top VEHICULAR HOMICIDE Class B Felony [39-13-213] [40-35-112] Fatal crash caused by DUI with .08 BAC or more License revocation for 3-10 years/NO restricted license available Back to Top AGGRAVATED VEHICULAR HOMICIDE - (while driving intoxicated) Class A Felony [39-13-218] [40-35-112] If any of the following conditions are present: Two or more prior (a) DUI conviction, (b) Vehicular assault convictions or, (c) any combination One prior Vehicular Homicide A BAC of .20 or greater at the time of the vehicular homicide has (1) one prior DUI or Vehicular Assault offense. Back to Top Tennessee.gov Home | Search Tennessee.gov | A to Z Directory | Policies | Survey | Help | Site Map | Contact



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Legal Resources, Law, Lawyers, Attorneys - Law and Policy Institutions Guide Drunk Driving and DUI Law: Many of the following links were provided to LPIG courtesy of the Law Offices of Kenney, Shepherd & Guilfoil, L.L.C. , in Kansas City, Missouri. This firm's Web site contains a treasure-trove of related information. National DUI Organizations and Government Agencies Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Drug Abuse National Institute of Health National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute of Standards and Technology National Transportation Safety Board Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Justice U.S. Department of Transportation [BACK TO TOP] National Drivers License Records Drivers License Agencies All 50 States Alabama ; Alaska ; Arizona ; California ; Colorado ; Connecticut ; Delaware ; District of Columbia ; Florida ; Georgia ; Hawaii ; Idaho ; Illinois ; Indiana ; Iowa ; Kansas ; Kentucky ; Louisiana ; Maine ; Maryland ; Massachusetts ; Michigan ; Minnesota ; Mississippi ; Missouri ; Montana ; Nebraska ; Nevada ; New Hampshire ; New Jersey ; New Mexico ; New York ; North Carolina ; North Dakota ; Ohio ; Oklahoma ; Oregon ; Pennsylvania ; Rhode Island ; South Carolina ; South Dakota ; Tennessee ; Texas ; Utah ; Vermont ; Virginia ; Washington ; West Virginia ; Wisconsin ; Wyoming [BACK TO TOP] Legal Organizations National College for DUI Defense Alcohol at work Alcohol Treatment Programs/Information: Alcoholics Anonymous Are you Addicted to Alcohol or Drugs? Drugnet - Drug and Alcohol Treatment and Prevention Global Network Missouri S.A.T.O.P. Program (Substance Abuse Traffic Offenders Program) Missouri OMU (Offender Management Units) list for the State of Missouri Substance Abuse Treatment Facility Locator [BACK TO TOP] Blood Alcohol Concentration Blood Alcohol Concentration Chart Blood Alcohol Educator [BACK TO TOP] Breath/Chemical Testing CMI, Inc., Owensboro, KY: (Manufacturer of the Intoxilyzer breath machine) Draeger Safety, Inc.Breathalyzer Division The Drug and Alcohol Testing Industry Association Guth Laboratories, Inc. Information About Breath Testing Machines International Association for Chemical Testing Intoximeters, Inc. Breathtesting Machines, and general information on breath tests Fatal Vision Goggles Breath Testing Missouri Department of HealthRegulations (Including those for Breath Tests in Missouri) National Patent Analytical Systems, Inc. (Manufacturer of the Datamaster breath machine) D.U.I. Gulag [BACK TO TOP] Field Sobriety Testing Walden, Platt & AssociatesStandardized Field Sobriety Test Specialists Standardized Field Sobriety Tests [BACK TO TOP] Ignition Interlock Drager Interlock Guardian Interlock Smart Start Inc. - Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device [BACK TO TOP] Insurance Information Insurance Institute for Highway Safety The Insurance News Network Missouri Auto Insurance Law Missouri Mandatory Insurance and DWI Insurance Information What your Insurance Company Knows About You [BACK TO TOP] Laws Drunk Driving Laws of 50 States DRUNK DRIVING LAWS OF ALL 50 STATES Municipal Laws throughout the country Missouri DWI Law Information A Missouri Law Summary [BACK TO TOP] ScienceMedical/Toxicology American Academy of Forensic Sciences Crash!The Science of Collisions Drug and Alcohol Testing Industry Association International Association for Chemical Testing National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Society of Forensic Toxicologists The Visible Human - Anatomical Information/Pictures Toxicology Associates, Inc. Point Assessment for Missouri Drivers licenses [BACK TO TOP] Other Related Groups AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety American Beverage Institute American Counsel for Drug Education GWC, Inc. (Training Videos) Highway Loss Data Institute National Association of Independent Truckers National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information National Counsel on Alcohol and Drug Dependence National Group Rides and Designated Drivers National Motorists Association National Safety Council Transportation Research Board The Web Truckstop Police/D.U.I. Information [BACK TO TOP] Special Interest Groups Mothers Against Drunk Drivers Responsibility in DUI Law, Inc. [BACK TO TOP] Additional Related Resources Motorcycle Drinking and Driving Tips for Bartenders Dealing with Drunk Drivers, Bar Smart, Inc. The Visual Detection of DWI Motorists [BACK TO TOP] Spanish | French | Portuguese | German | Italian We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here . Home | Article Database | Attorney Directory | Practice Areas | Legal Questions | Lpig.org Newsletter | Global Law About Us | Site Index | Awards | Privacy Policy | Submit URL | Disclaimer | Contact Us



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