breathalyzers to gauge alcohol

DWI), the average person

New York - STOP-DWI: A Model of Excellence NEW YORK STOP-DWI: A Model of Excellence PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS Innovative PROGRAM AREA(S) Alcohol and Other Drugs TYPE OF JURISDICTION State TARGETED POPULATION All Drivers JURISDICTION SIZE 17,990,455 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Alcohol related fatalities and injuries is a chronic problem that will affect one in three Americans in their lifetime. Nationwide, nearly 42,000 people die in motor vehicle crashes each year with 16,653 (40 percent) being alcohol related. This means that one person is killed every 33 minutes and one person is injured every two minutes from alcohol related crashes. Prior to establishment of the New York State Special Traffic Options Program for Driving While Intoxicated (STOP-DWI), the average person arrested for driving while intoxicated had a blood alcohol concentration level of .19, almost twice the legal limit. Yet their chances of being arrested were estimated to be one in two thousand. Most drunk drivers had their charges reduced to non-alcohol related charges, the average fine was $11; all while alcohol related fatalities were at a high 44.14 percent. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES New York States STOP-DWI Program was developed in 1980 in an effort to decrease alcohol related fatalities and injuries in the state. The objective was to ensure that legislation would be passed to lay the foundation for the development of effective, self-funding, local programs. STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES In 1981, the New York State Legislature passed laws that set into motion a series of reforms that would permanently transform the way the drinking driver is viewed and would establish a national model for excellence. The resulting framework for this model had four strategies: Establishing comprehensive, self-sustaining local programs This legislation allowed each county to establish a STOP-DWI program, develop a comprehensive plan and appoint a STOP-DWI coordinator. In turn, counties received all fines collected for alcohol and other drug-related traffic offenses within their jurisdictions. Counties were given a large degree of latitude to develop programs that meet their specific local needs. Mandatory minimum fines The new law mandated that judges impose substantial minimum fines. It increased penalties from a maximum of $50 for the first time conviction for Driving While Ability Impaired (DWAI) to a minimum mandatory fine of $250. A conviction for DWI was raised to a minimum fine of $300 and a maximum fine of $500. Mandatory and immediate license loss for chemical test refusals Individuals would now be subject to an administrative hearing for license revocation and a $100 civil fine if they refused to submit to a lawfully requested chemical test to determine blood alcohol content. The fine has since been raised to $300. Restrictions on plea bargaining restrictions With this change, individuals charged with driving while intoxicated would not be allowed to plead guilty to a non-alcohol related offense except under very narrow evidentiary circumstances. RESULTS The local option approach for DWI enforcement has proven to be very effective. It has not only dramatically reduced alcohol related fatalities and injuries, but has also allowed counties to be extremely creative in developing programs and fostering cooperation between localities. All counties in New York State have a STOP-DWI Program. The successes of the programs are notable: Alcohol related crashes decreased from 16,607 (1981) to 10,167 (2000). Alcohol related fatalities decreased from 1,107 (1981) to 334 (2000). Alcohol related injuries decreased from 21,633 (1981) to 9,251 (2000). The percent of alcohol related crash fatalities decreased from 44.1 percent (1981) to 23.13 percent (2000). State collected fines went from less than $500,000 annually to an average of $22 million annually. Not a penny of taxpayers money has been spent since the inception of the program. Fine money, which currently averages $22M per year is retained by the counties to operate the program. FUNDING Zero (see Results section) CONTACT Denise Cashmere, Chair NYS STOP-DWI Coordinator's Assn. Schenectady Co. STOP-DWI 107 Nott Ter., Ste. 303 Schenectady, NY 12308 (518) 386-2225 SPRING 2002

First-of-its-kind UNC study uses breathalyzers to gauge alcohol use among college students NEWS SERVICES 210 Pittsboro Street, Campus Box 6210 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-6210 (919) 962-2091 FAX: (919) 962-2279 www.unc.edu/news/ NEWS For immediate use Sept. 9, 1997 -- No. 617 First-of-its-kind UNC study uses breathalyzers to gauge alcohol use among college students By EMILY SMITH UNC Highway Safety Research Center CHAPEL HILL -- Researchers at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center will begin a first-of-a-kind study this fall that further explores the nature and extent of alcohol use among college students. As part of the study, researchers will gather voluntary breath-alcohol measurements from students. Using breathalyzers will result in objective information new in this field of study, said Dr. Rob Foss, manager of alcohol studies for the UNC Highway Safety Research Center and project co-director. “What is out there now is a lot of anecdotal information and a good deal of information based on surveys filled out by college students,” he said. During the next several weeks, center researchers will interview students as they return to residence halls, fraternities, sororities and off-campus housing at night. Scientists will ask students about their alcohol use that evening and their mode of transportation. They will use hand-held, portable breathalyzers to obtain breath measurements. The study is completely voluntary and confidential, and students may decline to participate if they wish. After gathering data, researchers will share their findings with campus and student organizations such as Student Health Service, University Housing, public safety, service clubs, fraternities and sororities. These groups will work together to develop educational programs that address needs identified by the new data. “This project will bring together many entities on campus that deal with alcohol issues,” said Lauren Marchetti, project co-director. “Sharing various perspectives offers a chance to identify innovative approaches that cross traditional barriers.” Plans call for three rounds of data collection: One this fall, one next fall and a final one after the completion of any programs implemented by the university. The first round will help identify the nature and extent of drinking among various age groups, as well as emerging student drinking patterns. Once strategies addressing these patterns are identified, pre- and post-program data will be collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies. Successful programs will be shared nationally. The N.C. Governor's Highway Safety Program awarded an $80,000 grant to start the project. Recently, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration contributed $200,000 to expand the study. “We feel this is a subject that is extremely important to examine, and we're proud that North Carolina and UNC-CH have stepped up to take the lead in collecting valuable, new information about a problem all college campuses share,” said Joe Parker, director of the N.C. Governor's Highway Safety Program. Marchetti and Foss praised the university for its strong support. “I'm really proud that this university is the first to take a stand and say: `This is a problem that exists on all campuses and we want to get all the information we can to develop solutions,'” Marchetti said. “Once one campus has taken the lead, it encourages other campuses to do the same.” Said Dr. Susan Kitchen, vice chancellor for student affairs, “Alcohol abuse on college campuses is a serious problem that results in risky behavior, injury and, unfortunately, sometimes even death. As college administrators trying to address this complex problem, we certainly will benefit from the new knowledge and tools studies such as this provide.” Student Body President Mo Nathan said he supports the project and thinks other students will, too. “I'm very excited about the possibilities of this initiative,” he said. “The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is no different in this regard than colleges and universities across the nation. What does set us apart is that we're not ignoring this problem. We're going to face it head-on and we're going to beat it.” By collecting breath-alcohol measurements, Foss said, center researchers will avoid problems others have faced. “The research that's been done in this area has relied mainly on questionnaire surveys, where people are asked to share their perceptions, and there are limitations with those surveys,” he said. “One is that when you ask people about an illegal behavior, such as underage drinking, they're not always forthcoming. Another reason self-reported surveys can be biased is that people simply cannot know some things, such as the extent of their impairment, so they can't accurately report it.” Until now, most breath-alcohol measurements collected by researchers have been from motor vehicle drivers, not pedestrians. “We re going to look at how people got from point A to point B, and how that relates to their breath-alcohol content,” Marchetti said. “We hope to learn how much pedestrians on a college campus drink, and how much alcohol passengers in vehicles drink, and whether their alcohol levels were higher or lower than the person who was driving. This research will enrich what we've already learned from previous studies.” Marchetti emphasized that studying the level of impairment among students who walk or ride bicycles is just as important as similar information about people driving cars. “As a society, we've done a good job educating people to stop someone who is impaired from getting behind the wheel, but we feel relieved when they decide to walk home instead,” she said. “The truth is that a high percentage of adult pedestrian deaths involve pedestrians who are intoxicated.” The study also will look at how group dynamics among college students affect their decisions about transportation. “As we interview people, we're going to find out if they've all been together for the last hour,” Marchetti said. “It will be interesting to see if groups pick a sober or the least-impaired person to drive.” The issue of drinking and driving in the United States has largely focused on education and law-enforcement, according to Foss. The education approach has been to inform people that driving drunk is risky and then allow individuals to decide what to do, he said. The other approach has been to emphasize the enforcement of laws -- that it is illegal to drink and drive and police officers will arrest people for it. While these two approaches help combat the problem, they don't take into account the culture that creates the problem, Foss said. “We live in a society that depends more on cars for personal transportation than almost anywhere else in the world,” he said. “We also have a society in which drinking is a central element. Drinking is part of our culture. Not only is it accepted, but for a long time has been promoted as desirable, enjoyable and glamorous behavior. We can't change the behavior of individuals unless we address the cultural dimension of this, which is that alcohol is easily obtained and is relentlessly promoted. What is needed are programs that try to alter this culture.” At UNC-CH, administrators and students have worked hard to address the cultural problem of drinking on campus. Recent actions include: Last month, the university sponsored Fall Fest `97, a late-night, alcohol-free street festival complete with free food and soft drinks, carnival games, music, live performances and sports activities. The event drew 5,000 students, staff and faculty and provided a fun and fresh alternative to the bar and party scene during the first weekend of the fall semester. Last spring, Chancellor Michael Hooker's Substance Abuse Task Force made several recommendations, including alcohol-free social events, longer freshman orientation, tough disciplinary sanctions against persistent substance abusers, encouraging students to seek counseling for substance-abuse problems and a ban on alcohol advertising during Tar Heel Sports Network radio broadcasts. Tar Heel Sport Marketing, a division of the Village Companies, announced last spring its decision to end alcohol-related advertisements during radio broadcasts of UNC-CH football and basketball games. Public-service announcements regarding responsible drinking are airing on the Tar Heel Sports Network during the 1997-98 seasons. The spots are part of a responsible drinking campaign called “Don't Get Wasted” sponsored by Tar Heel Sports Marketing and UNC-CH. UNC-CH is working with the Center for Science in the Public Interest on a grant proposal for a mass media campaign against binge drinking. The center, a nonprofit advocacy group in Washington, D.C., will work to change the culture and acceptance of drinking on campus. During the 1997-98 academic year, the center will survey students and conduct focus groups. A media campaign targeting students will begin in fall 1998 and run for two academic years. - 30 - Note to media: The study's principal investigators, Dr. Rob Foss and Lauren Marchetti, can be reached at the UNC Highway Safety Research Center at 919-962-2202. Mo Nathan, student body president, can be reached at 919-962-5202. Matt Sullivan, UNC-CH's coordinator of substance-abuse programs, can be reached at 919-966-2281. UNC Highway Safety Research Center contact: Emily Smith, 919-962-7803 News Services print contact: Karen Stinneford News Services broadcast contact: Karen Moon

Arizona DUI LAWS D.U.I.

dui laws, DUI LAWS, D.U.I. Laws dui laws, DUI LAWS, D.U.I. Laws: driving under the influence laws The words dui laws, DUI law, D.U.I, and "driving under the influence", are usedby DUI lawyers and DUI attorneys in United States DUI Law . The expression "DUI laws" is not found in the CriminalCode of Canada. Canadians use terminology other than DUI laws or "driving underthe influence laws". We use the words "impaired driving laws" or"impaired operation laws", or "impaired care or control laws" but not "driving under the influencelaws"or "driving under impairment laws". In Canadian laws it is any impairment byalcohol or a drug of one's ability to operate a motor vehicle combined withoperation that is forbidden, not "driving under impairment" or"driving under the influence" (DUI). It is also a "DUI laws"criminal offence in Canada to drive having more than 80 milligrams of alcoholper 100 mls of blood whether one's ability to drive is"influenced" (DUI) or not . Canada has two main substantive DUI law criminal offences: impaired operation or careor control , over 80 operation or careor control Section 253. Every one commits an offence who operates a motorvehicle or vessel or operates or assists in the operation of an aircraft orof railway equipment or has the careor control of a motor vehicle, vessel, aircraft or railway equipment,whether it is in motion or not, (a) while the person's ability to operate the vehicle, vessel, aircraft or railway equipment is impaired by alcohol or a drug; or (b) having consumed alcohol in such a quantity that the concentration in theperson's blood exceeds eighty milligrams of alcohol in one hundred millilitresof blood. Impaired operation or care or control in Canada includes operation or care orcontrol of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft while one's ability to operateis impaired by alcohol or a drug to any degree of impairment. This DUI offence isproven by evidence of bad driving and various indicia of impairment observedsuch as slurred speech, difficulty with standing walking turning, red glassyglossy bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils, odor odour of an alcoholic beverage,complexion flushed face, and performance on physical tests. The DUI offence of excess blood alcohol or over 80 is usually proven by breathtests that determine blood alcohol concentration using and approved instrumentsuch as a Breathalyzer 900 900A or Intoxilyzer 5000C. Blood tests are used inDUI cases where breath testsare not practical to provide evidence of blood alcohol concentration. Both Canadian DUI laws are federal criminal law offences. The Crown inCanada can prosecute a DUI in either of two ways. DUI offences are hybridoffences in Canada. The Crown may prosecute a DUI offence by indictment (roughlysimilar to a US felony DUI) or they may prosecute a DUI offence by summaryconviction (roughly similar to a US misdemeanor). The local Crown Attorney mustelect whether to proceed with the D.U.I. by indictment or by summary conviction.Until he or she elects, the DUI offence is deemed to be prosecuted byindictment. Most Canadian DUI offences are prosecuted by summary conviction. The usual penalty for a first DUI offence in Canada is a fine. The minimumsecond DUI offence penalty is 14 days in jail. The minimum penalty for a thirdDUI is 90 days in jail. There is always a DUI driving prohibition and the local province will suspend a DUI offender's driver's licence . If a US citizen or other non-Canadian citizen is convicted of a DUI offencein the USA or a dui offence in any country other than Canada, the DUI offenderwill be inadmissibleto Canada on grounds of criminality, unless rehabilitated , because the DUIoffence is deemed to be a Canadian DUI offence and all Canadian DUI offences aredeemed indictable (similar to a US felony - see above) unless the Crown haselected to proceed with the DUI offence by summary conviction (which will neverhave happened because the DUI offense occurred outside Canada. The situationwill be different if the DUI offence occurs in Canada and the Crown elects toproceed by summary conviction which they normally do. Click the banner for more Canadian DUI laws information. DUI LAWS, D.U.I. Laws, or driving under the influencelaws is, however,an important concept used in the United States. For more detailed DUI legalinformation click on one of the links below: Alabama DUI LAWS D.U.I. 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Blood Alcohol Level

Insure.com Car Insurance - Official site. Compare auto insurance quotes, 200 companies, instant term life insurance quotes, life insurance quotes, health insurance quotes, medical insurance quotes, dental insurance, long-term care insurance, renter's insurance. Choose one Auto Term Life Health Homeowners Dental Quick Issue Life Children's Life --- Travel Motorcycle Boat/Watercraft Classic Auto Classic Boat --- -- British Visitors: Click Here Canadian Visitors: Click Here How many drinks does it take? Calculate your blood-alcohol level By Insure.com Blood-Alcohol Content Calculator A person's blood-alcohol level is the result of a complex interaction of weight, gender, alcohol consumed, and time. Weight (pounds) 100 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 Drinks Consumed (12 ounces beer or equivalent) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Over Time Period (hours) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gender Female Male B.A.C.: The basic formula for estimating a person's blood-alcohol concentration comes from The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Each drink in this calculation assumes a volume of .54 ounces of alcohol (one shot of distilled spirits, a glass of wine, or 12 ounces of beer). The basic formula for estimating a person's blood-alcohol concentration comes from The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Each drink in this calculation assumes a volume of .54 ounces of alcohol (one shot of distilled spirits, a glass of wine, or 12 ounces of beer). Many of us have wondered just how many drinks it takes before we'd be considered legally drunk. Alcohol is a major factor in traffic accidents. There is an alcohol-related traffic fatality every 30 minutes, and an alcohol-related traffic injury every 2 minutes. Alcohol-related crashes are defined as those where someone involved, either a driver or a pedestrian or another non-occupant, had a traceable amount of alcohol in his or her blood. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, 17,401 people died in alcohol-related crashes in 2003 and alcohol was involved in 40 percent of all crash fatalities. About 1.5 million drivers were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics in 2002 (latest data available). This is roughly the same amount as were arrested in 1999. The arrest rate works out to one arrest for every 137 licensed drivers in the United States. About 30 percent of all Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some point in their lives. In addition, 68% of children killed in alcohol-related crashes ride in a car with a drinking driver. As of July, 2004, every state and the District of Columbia had lowered the limit defining drunk driving from 0.10 BAC (blood alcohol content) to 0.08. Delaware and Minnesota were the last two states that made 0.08 BAC the level defining drunk driving. In the past year, several states have changed the definition to 0.08 in response to the threat of federal highway funding cuts. Louisiana's law lowering the limit defining drunk driving, effective August, 2004, also bars a driver in a crash from recovering damages if the driver's BAC exceeds 0.08 and if found more than 25 percent at fault as a result of the higher BAC. In February 2004 a lawsuit was filed in Los Angeles accusing Anheuser-Busch and the Miller Brewery Company of deliberately marketing their products to young people. The suit was brought by the parents of a young woman killed by an underage drunk driver in 2003. Since November 2003, similar lawsuits have been filed in three other states and the District of Columbia. A year-end 2003 public opinion poll conducted by Data Development Corporation for Anheuser-Busch found that 84 percent of Americans favor stricter enforcement of zero-tolerance laws for underage drivers and 93 percent for repeat offender laws. Over half of drivers arrested for drunk driving in the nation are repeat offenders, according to a 2003 AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety study. Two-thirds of drivers with suspended licenses still drive. To combat the problem the foundation recommended strengthening laws that impound vehicles, remove license plates on arrest, mandate ignition interlocks, use special plates to identify repeat offenders, use checkpoints to check licenses and prevent vehicle registration by drivers without valid licenses. By January 2004, 43 states had passed ignition interlock laws, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Interlocks are devices that, when blown into, measure a driver's blood alcohol and prevent a car from starting if alcohol is detected. Twenty-nine states mandate that drivers with multiple offenses forfeit their vehicles if found driving while impaired by alcohol. If you get pulled over and your blood-alcohol level is above the legal limit, you'll be arrested for drunk driving. If that leads to a conviction, you'll probably get socked with much higher insurance premiums — if they let you drive at all. This calculator helps you figure out what your blood-alcohol content would be if you drank a specific number of drinks over a certain period of time. Remember, this is just an approximation. The calculator has to make certain assumptions, such as drinking all that alcohol on an empty stomach. If you eat while you drink, the alcohol is absorbed more slowly into your bloodstream. In any case, studies have shown that impairment begins with the first drink. Alcohol affects everyone differently. If you don't normally drink, a single beer could put you out of commission. For the most part, by the time you feel drunk, you're well past the legal limit. In general, the more you weigh, the more you'd have to drink before you'd be considered drunk. Consider this: A 210-pound male could drink six beers in an hour and still not be legally drunk in some states. His blood-alcohol content would be 0.0984. If a 150-pound man drank the same amount, his blood-alcohol content would be 0.14258 — nearly 1 times the legal limit. Gender also affects your blood-alcohol content. The female counterpart to a 150-pound drunken male would have a blood-alcohol content of 0.17097 after consuming six drinks in an hour. 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DWI DUI OWI OUI Driving in Yukon DUI DWI: International Referral Database of DUI, DWI, Impairedand DrunkDriving, Drinking and Driving, Lawyers & Attorneys State orProvince | County | Region | Attorneys | Courthouses | License & Traffic Offices | Legislation | Instruments | Standards | Experts | Articles Add Attorney | Add Courthouse | AddDMV Office | Add Legislation | AddInstrument | Add Standards Home | Debate | AddingYour Firm | Words are used in Canada? DUI | DWI | DrunkDriving | Drinkingand Driving | DUI Laws | DWILaws | Ontariodui | Ontario dui laws | ImpairedDriving | TorontoDUI | BramptonDUI | MississaugaDUI DUI : Driving Under the Influence; DWI : Driving While Intoxicated;OUI: Operating Under the Inflence; OWI: Operating While Intoxicated; ImpairedDriving: Impaired in Canada to Slightest Degree; Over 80: Excess BAC alcohol inCanada over 80 mg/100mL; Care or Control: Occupy seat normallyoccupied by operator in Canada, act or series of acts involving useof car , fittings or equipment Yukon DWI DUI OWI OUI Information Summaries of DUI Law DWI Law for Yukon What to Do On DUI Court DWI Court First Appearance What to Wear to DUI Court DWI COurt Being Early for DUI Court and DWI Court Directory of DUI Courthouses and DWI Courthouses in Yukon Directory of Motor Vehicle Offices BAC Instruments used in DUI Court and DWI Court Cases DUI and DWI Breath and Blood Collection Standards and Departments Responsible DUI and DWI Legislation in Yukon Substantive DUI/DWI/Excess Alcohol Offense DUI DWI Refusal Offense/Presumption DUI DWI Administrative Driver's License Suspension Drinking and Driving Procedure/Evidence DUI DWI Penalties Suspension on Conviction, Prohibition DUI DWI Drive While Suspended Offense Immigration, Exclusion of Visitors resulting from DWI DUI Reciprocal DUI DWI Agreements Constitutional Rights in DUI DWI Cases Other Criminal Non-DUI Non-DWI Legislation DUI Attorneys DWI Attorneys - Lists by County in Yukon List of DUI Attorneys DWI Attorneys and Practice Descriptions Avocats DUI,DWI, droit criminel Adwokaci DUI,DWI, prawo kryminalne List of DUI Forensic Experts, DWI Forensic Experts and Practice Descriptions State/Province DUI DWI Data and Links to DUI DWI Statutes The Impaired Driving Checklist The Drinking Driver's worksheet DUI DWI and Criminal Defense Character Reference Letters Articles and Writings Yukon DUI Attorney DWI Attorney Articles and Writings Yukon DUI Lawyer DWI Lawyer Articles and Writings Yukon Drunk Driving Attorney Articles and Writings Yukon Drunk Driving Lawyer Articles and Writings AddDL Lawyers and DUI Information in Yukon Cities and Towns Sponsored by: No records returned. 958 | DUI DWI Practice Descriptions, Links, andProfiles | DUI DWI Summaries of Law | Searchby Region, County, City | First Appearance inDUI Court DWI Court | MembersOnly | AddYour Firm | Delete | Privacy | For Ontario DUIDWI impaired driving criminal law information please visit www.lawyers.ca See also TorontoDUI For more information respecting this database or to report misuse contact: AllbissLawdata Ltd. , 303-470 Hensall Circle, Mississauga,Ontario, Canada, L5A 3V4. Theauthor and the participants make no representation or warranty whatsoeveras to the authenticity and reliability of the information contained herein.Advertisement.Theselawyers do not practice in association. WARNING: All informationcontained herein is provided for the purpose of providing basic information onlyand should not be construed as formal legal advice. The authors disclaim any andall liability resulting from reliance upon such information. You are stronglyencouraged to seek professional legal advice before relying upon any of theinformation contained herein. Legal advice should be sought directly from aproperly retained lawyer or attorney.