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Gp(6t#PCm|.?CO?}??9eC;_04} MPr#?M!G;s8Own'z90GtN*#cg?cR?~?K?{4]= |zsO_?W§ t)?Vhat??d :Om(}|l?Oa?j(|l?OMe i_n5}|2?}]?9]:8?IOW_$??:,?L 99-?6~ iC0 QHl +?6t6~% 99?U#Q_?{Îl? +w r#Y Kw`?Z v?BzwF\7\&I?s?|? u\p}Fq,]{?yB;l{f\&~Our~O!l?|G cr#\:|Q;l[f\&~Kur~K"l[#:.xy&_pXU,?O h}COp?a9Wq r b m^#hGYf#!oJ ?z&~"z" bS ;gZ}8::?q=?~o8?qYGk #U| 9I#Mmu}! t??#x?q:6 ?Q;[Ze) ;u (-KaK~bgq\}D4?)wbo f?L ;??%x$LCPOm?K/)w3_8?2b?;rql%?uqyq%Q;anGvBO 5 ( \ , r o b i n . r o o m @ s o r a d . s u . s e : m a i l t o : r o b i n . r o o m @ s o r a d . s u . s e # y 9 0 D o c u m e n t W o r d . D o c u m e n t . 8 0 $ M i c r o s o f t D o c u m e n t ` / 0 D A r i a l n g s 0 t t * 0 D W i n g d i n g s ? 0 t t * 0 @ . @ n ? " d d @ @@ `` @ 8 L + , " $ ?0 ? )M 0 A A @ w ?; ?; g 4 K d K d * 0 p p p @ F 1 0 . 0 A c u t e i n t o x i c a t i o n d u e t o u s e o f a l c o h o l A . T h e g e n e r a l c r i t e r i a f o r a c u t e i n t o x i c a t i o n ( F 1 x . 0 ) m u s t b e m e t . G 1 . T h e r e m u s t b e c l e a r e v i d e n c e o f r e c e n t u s e o f a p s y c h o a c t i v e s u b s t a n c e ( o r s u b s t a n c e s ) a t s u f f i c i e n t l y h i g h d o s e l e v e l s t o b e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h i n t o x i c a t i o n . G 2 . T h e r e m u s t b e s y m p t o m s o r s i g n s o f i n t o x i c a t i o n c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e k n o w n a c t i o n s o f t h e p a r t i c u l a r s u b s t a n c e ( o r s u b s t a n c e s ) , a s s p e c i f i e d b e l o w , a n d o f s u f f i c i e n t s e v e r i t y t o p r o d u c e d i s t u r b a n c e s i n t h e l e v e l o f c o n s c i o u s n e s s , c o g n i t i o n , p e r c e p t i o n , a f f e c t , o r b e h a v i o u r t h a t a r e o f c l i n i c a l i m p o r t a n c e . G 3 . T h e s y m p t o m s o r s i g n s p r e s e n t c a n n o t b e a c c o u n t e d f o r b y a m e d i c a l d i s o r d e r u n r e l a t e d t o s u b s t a n c e u s e , a n d n o t b e t t e r a c c o u n t e d f o r b y a n o t h e r m e n t a l o r b e h a v i o u r a l d i s o r d e r B . T h e r e m u s t b e d y s f u n c t i o n a l b e h a v i o u r , a s e v i d e n c e d b y a t l e a s t o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : & C . A t l e a s t o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s i g n s m u s t b e p r e s e n t : & & : P . 4 = ' + n ) The other ICD-10 code for intoxication -2 * * $ B. There must be dysfunctional behaviour, as evidenced by at least one of the following:1) disinhibition;2) argumentativeness;3) aggression;4) lability of mood;5) impaired attention;6) impaired judgment;7) interference with personal functioning.C. At least one of the following signs must be present: 1) unsteady gait;2) difficulty in standing;3) slurred speech;4) nystagmus;5) decreased level of consciousness (e.g. stupor, coma);6) flushed face;7) conjunctival injection 0 P P P b 5 - R ( Clinical assessment & BAC (Y91 vs. Y90) ) ) $ F a c t o r s w h i c h m i g h t a f f e c t t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p : E x t e n t o f a s s e s s o r s e x p e r i e n c e O p p o r t u n i t y t o o b s e r v e o r t e s t b e h a v i o u r P r o x i m i t y i n t i m e o f B A C a n d a s s e s s m e n t E x t e n t o f s u b j e c t s t o l e r a n c e o f a l c o h o l V a r i a t i o n s i n d r u n k e n c o m p o r t m e n t C u l t u r a l l y - i n f l u e n c e d a s s u m p t i o n s a b o u t s o c i a l l o c a t i o n a n d o n r e c o r d i n g o f i n t o x i c a t i o n & - - l + Clinical assessment and BAC: prior studies , , ( J e t t e r , 1 9 3 8 : 1 3 % o f t h o s e a d m i t t e d w i t h a c u t e a l c o h o l i s m h a d z e r o B A C H o n k a n e n , 1 9 7 7 : 1 4 % w i t h n o i n t o x i c a t i o n h a d p o s i t i v e B A C , 1 2 % h e a v i l y i n t o x i c a t e d h a d z e r o B A C S i m i l a r r e s u l t i n s e c o n d F i n n i s h s t u d y T e p l i n & L u t z 1 9 8 5 : A l c o h o l S y m p t o m C h e c k l i s t : 0 . 8 5 c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h B A C U S f i e l d s o b r i e t y t e s t s f o r l a w e n f o r c e m e n t : m o s t l y p o s i t i v e , e v e n d i s t i n g u i s h i n g . 0 8 % s e p a r a t e l y f r o m . 1 0 % S o m e m o r e p e s s i m i s t i c r e p o r t s T y p i c a l l y t e s t m o v e m e n t a n d c o o r d i n a t i o n c a n s u c h t e s t s b e u s e d i n a b u s y E R ? T Z { x Z { x 6 C @ Y90 & Y91 in the WHO Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries A A $ C o m p a r i n g : B A C m e a s u r e m e n t ( b r e a t h a l y z e r ) C l i n i c a l a s s e s s m e n t b y p h y s i c i a n o r n u r s e I n c l u d e d r e c o r d i n g o f c l i n i c a l s i g n s o f i n t o x i c a t i o n A s s e s s m e n t b y i n t e r v i e w e r ( 4 s i t e s ) E q u i v a l e n c i e s a s s i g n e d f o r c o m p a r i s o n : N o i n t o x i c a t i o n d" 0 . 5 9 p e r m i l l e M i l d i n t o x i c a t i o n 0 . 6 0 0 . 9 9 p e r m i l l e M o d e r a t e i n t o x i c a t i o n 1 . 0 0 1 . 9 9 p e r m i l l e S e v e r e / V e r y s e v e r e i n t o x i c a t i o n 2 . 0 0 a n d m o r e T a u - B c o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 6 8 B e t t e r a g r e e m e n t o n n o n e v s . s o m e t h a n a t h i g h e r l e v e l s P I P 5 P $ P ' P P P 8 P I 5 $ ' 8 } L Conclusions and options There is an association between assessment and BAC, but only medium strong at any site.Y91 is not a satisfactory substitute for Y90BAC worth routinely measuring (though not always causal)Summary codes vs. full BAC?Recategorize?Developing clinical instrument to estimate BAC?(rather than intoxication)Or separate Y91, use it as a measure of ostensive drunkenness?Relation of F10.0 to Y90, Y91? 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"B ND zF H J L *O VQ S U K[ Y w Oh +'0 ` h $ @ L p | The relation between Blood Alcohol Content and clinically assessed intoxication: lessons from applying the ICD-10 Y90 and Y91 codes in the emergency room Gretchen Thomas Cheryl Cherpitel 2 Microsoft Office PowerPoint @ @/ @ L21@ `}0 G $ g [ y 33 - - $ x x - - ' @ Arial - . H 2 + The relation between Blood Alcohol Content r . "System 04 - @ Arial - . @ 2 & and clinically assessed intoxication: . - @ Arial - . 3 2 lessons from applying the ICD . - @ Arial - . 2 l - . - @ Arial - . 2 n 10 Y90 and . - @ Arial - . 6 2( Y91 codes in the emergency room . - @ Arial - . 28 B Robin Room . - @ Arial - . N 2? / Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs . - @ Arial - . % 2G 8 Stockholm University . - @ Arial - . ! 2O 9 Stockholm, Swedeni . - @ Arial - . ( 2V 3 robin.room@sorad.su.se . - - V 3 V m - @ Arial - . [ 2f 8 Presented at an International Conference on Alcohol and . - @ Arial - . 6 2l Injury, Berkeley, California, 3 . - @ Arial - . 2l ^ - . - @ Arial - . 2l ` 6 October, 2005 . - . +,D ?. +, ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y [ \ ] ^ _ ` a c d e f g h i k l m n o p q t R o o t E n t r y dO ) P i c t u r e s C u r r e n t U s e r j S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( Z P o w e r P o i n t D o c u m e n t ( D o c u m e n t S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n 8 b
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Austin DUI LawyerAustin Texas DWI - Texas Drunk Driving Defense Information Recent Cases DWI FAQS Attorney Information Attorney Fees Travis County Jail Release Driver's Rights Austin Texas Drunk Driving Defense Ken Gibson, Attorney at Law The Chase Building 700 Lavaca, Suite 1010 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 469-6056 Toll Free: 888 DWI-TEXAS e-mail: ken@attorneygibson.com Don't Let Your Austin DWI Ruin Your Life I will fight to save your license ... and freedom! DUI Directory DUIlaw When you've been arrested for a DWI in Texas and you don't think it's fair, you need a lawyer who can protect your rights...make sure you're treated fairly...and who knows how to get results. You've just found that lawyer. I understand that you're probably feeling confused, angry, or somewhat fearful about what's happened to you. The process of being arrested, taken to jail, fingerprinted, and photographed was probably very dehumanizing to you. I sincerely sympathize with that. To be honest with you--you're faced with a charge which can have serious outcomes. I don't want to scare you, but let me give you a glimpse of what's in store for you. If your case goes the wrong way you could lose your license ... your insurance could go up or be cancelled ... you could even go to jail. Plus it doesn't end there. A conviction is something that could haunt you for many years to come, even hurting you when you apply for a job. I'll Help You Keep Your License and Your Freedom I know you're fearful about what might happen to you, but I'd like you to know that there's a good chance I can help. Did you know that there are at least 20 possible challenges that can be made to the charges you are facing? I'll raise the applicable challenges for you so your case is as strong as possible. Sure, I can just fill out the forms and talk to the County Attorney, but in many cases the best choice is to fight. That's the kind of case I focus on. My goal is to get you off, to keep your record clean, and to prevent you from losing your freedom and your license to drive. You see . . . my practice is based on the belief that you were arrested when you shouldn't have been. At the very least, I'll make sure that you're being treated fairly. The County Attorney prosecutes these types of cases all day. He knows--and is willing to use against you--all of the fine legal points that are available to him. The law says that he only needs to prove that after drinking you were operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. That sounds pretty cut and dried, but it's not quite as simple as that. You see, if challenged, the DA also has to show that the arresting officer made the arrest properly, that you were properly advised of your rights, that the equipment he used to test you was working accurately, and even that the person operating that equipment was certified to operate it. If he gets information which shows you are innocent, an attorney can make him give you that information. Get The Legal Help You Need That's where I come in. I know how and where to make the proper motions which force the DA to prove that all the steps used in your arrest were done properly. If they weren't, then his case is weakened. I can't promise you that I'll be successful because each case is unique. Maybe the judge assigned to your case is more lenient on drunk driving cases, or maybe he is harsher on them. Maybe there are some things distinctive to your case which are important. However, all things being equal, I think you'll find that I am well-skilled and that I fiercely protect your rights. When you retain me you'll get expert legal help from an attorney who knows how to guide your case through the complexities of the legal system because I've done it numerous times. You'll be certain you are being treated fairly by the judicial system because I'll insist: that the County Attorney provide us with the name and address of anyone he plans to call as a witness, as well as copies of every written or recorded statements of their testimony. This will allow us to prepare our questions for them. that the CA provide us with any information or material he has which would show that you are not guilty of the charges against you, or which may help you get a lighter sentence. on receiving copies of records showing that the equipment used for tests was functioning properly, and that the person giving the tests was properly certified. on proof that you were advised of all of your rights. If you weren't, the DA's case may be weakened. I talk to the County Attorney beforehand to get him to produce his proof and let him know that I will be contesting in court all these points I mentioned. When his case is challenged, he has to take a lot of time producing this material and witnesses. As you can see, what looks simple gets pretty complex. As your attorney I will look into all ofthese things for you so that you will have the best possible case. Actually, there is more, but I don't have space in this letter to tell you all of it. Free Consultation and Review of Your DUI Arrest -- $150 Value You're probably like most people arrested for a DWI. You don't really know the rightthing to do about it, and you don't know whether or not you can win if you contest your arrest. For both of these reasons I'd like to provide you a free consultation to give you the additional information I just mentioned and to review your case. If you would like to meet with me, I will be happy to set up an appointment with you. That way you'll be able to learn all you need to know about your situation. This telephoneconference -- which would normally cost $150 -- is free to you, will last about an hour, and there is no further obligation at all. In fact,until you agree, in writing, to hire me, you will never owe me any money. To arrange for your free consultation, you can call and leave a message 24 hours a day. Someone from my office will get back to you as soon as possible, if we are not immediately available. Here's How I'll Protect Your Rights When we talk, I will analyze the facts of your case, give you my opinion about it, and discuss my approach to it. I'll explain how we'll protect your legal rights, what your options are,and how the whole judicial process works, so you'll know exactly what happens. Plus, you'll learn how I will guide you through the court system and how I'll championyour rights, using all my ingenuity and the options in the legal system to defend and protect you. For example, I'll review the Complaint against you . . . the steps which were used toconduct the chemical and roadside tests against you to determine if they are valid . . . and I'll showyou how the police officer's testimony can be discredited. I will also tell you about my fees. Anything you tell me during this and all other meetings will be confidential, whether or not you retain me. In summary, with my help you'll get: A free initial phone consultation. Personalized attention. My office will return your phone calls promptly, keep you informed, and answer all questions to help you put the pieces back together. Reasonable fees , and you'll know in advance how you'll be charged. Aggressiveness . While I accept peaceful settlements, I take a tough stance to protect you. So, if you want an attorney you can talk to, who understands what you want, who isinterested in you and your situation, and who fights to get you results, call me today at (512) 469-6056 for your free consultation. The first meeting is free, so there is no risk on your part; and you'll be able to get all yourquestions answered. When we are finished, if you're not convinced that I will be able to protectyou to your complete satisfaction, then you can leave and I won't trouble you again . . . and you'llowe me nothing. In any event, at the end of the consultation you'll be more knowledgeable, you'll knowwhat to expect in the judicial process, and be able to make more informed decisions about yourcase. And by the way, your arrest may have included a cancellation of your drivingprivileges. You only have 15 days from the date of arrest to respond to this issue. If you retain us as your attorney prior to the expiration of the 15 days, our fees include the initial Administrative Licence Revocation hearing.. Please remember, the charges against you are serious and can carry severe consequenceswhich could be damaging to you presently and in the future. You can discover for yourself how Ican help save your license and freedom by calling me at (512) 469-6056. Sincerely, Ken Gibson DWI Online Interview DWI and DL Suspension Victories Find a DWI DUI Drunk Driving Lawyer in your state.- Links Ten Mistakes How to avoid the 10 biggest mistakes most people make after being arrested for DWI. DUI vs. DWI in Texas Discuss Current Issues In Texas DWI Law Intoxilyzer 5000 DWI ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM IN AUSTIN, TEXAS City Of Austin DWI Enforcement Team Case Tips 55 Things YOU Need to Know about Your DWI Case that NO ONE is Telling YOU Police Mistakes Mistakes the police make . . . and how they can help you. What Can I Do to Save My License? Fight to save your license! If you drive after losing your license, you face substantial penalties. What Happens After A DWI Arrest? There are usually both Motor Vehicle and Court Proceedings. A Summary of Texas Administrative License Suspension Laws (DWI and "Administrative License Revocation" Texas DWI Penalties If You're Still Undecided About Fighting Your Texas DWI, PleaseRead This Field Sobriety Testing in Texas The Top 10 Mistakes Lawyers Can Make in Drunk Driving Cases Out of State Drivers Arrested for DWI in Texas We serve clients in the Austin area (Williamson, Travis and Hays Counties). A DWI Conviction Can Limit Your Travel A DWI Conviction May Limited Job Opportunities About The ALR Process Administrative License Revocation Travis County Court HouseInformation Texas DPS Identification Requirements for an Identification Card Drunk Driving Laws Are Out of Control How A DWI Conviction Affects Your Insurance DUIDLegislation: What It Means, Who's Behind It Five Myths About Defending Accused Drunk Drivers IF YOU NEED IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE HELPING A FRIEND OR FAMILY MEMBER GETOUT OF JAIL Procedures for Getting Out of Jail Texas Occupational Driver License Texas Restricted Interlock License Underage Drinking in Texas Alcohol Metabolism Lack of Sleep Study DWI News DWI Conviction Rates Driving Directions Enter your address and get a map to our office. 2001 BLS Drunk Driving websites-site design jim f esq
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OUIL/OWI/UBAL Alcohol Assessment Michigan Michigan DUI Criminal Defense Attorney Lawyer 734-507-1333, or Toll Free at: 877-MY-CRIME (877-692-7463) Contact Us Home Firm Overview Arrested in Michigan? We Can Help Contact Us For a Free Initial Consultation Michigan Drunk Driving Laws Michigan DUI Criminal Sentencing OUIL/OWI/UBAL Alcohol Assessment Michigan Criminal Expungement Michigan Probation Violation Michigan Traffic Laws Other States Contact Us Home Contact The Law Office of Joseph F. Awad, P.C. for a Consultation with Michigan's Premier Aggressive and Experienced Michigan DUI Criminal Defense Attorney, Detroit Metropolitan Area Criminal Law Lawyer, OUIL Michigan DUI, OUIL, DWI UBAL defense firm. The firm handles all criminal defense matters, including: Felonies, Misdemeanors, DUI OUIL in Michigan, Violation of Probation, Larceny, Michigan OUIL, Assualt and Battery, Drug Trafficking, Drug Possession, Drunk Driving, Driving under the Influence, Domestic Violence, Retail Fraud and more. Click Here for Maps & Directions 30300Northwestern Highway, Suite 250 FarmingtonHills, MI 48334 ByPhone: 734-507-1333 Or call our toll-free, 24 hour hotline at: 877-MY-CRIME (877-692-7463) By e-mail: jawad@michiganowi.com By Fax: 248-932-2801 Submit our Online Information Form for a FREE Consultation Name: Address: City: State: Zip: Phone: Fax: Email Address: Please enter your comments in the area below: Disclaimer : The information you obtain at this site is not, nor is it intended to be, legal advice. Please consult an attorney for individual advice regarding your own situation.
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DUI ArrestDrivers With Repeat Convictions or Arrests for Driving While ... Warning: This site is being maintained for historical purposes, but has had no new entries since October 1998. To find more recent articles, please visit the following: CDC Recommends at http://www.phppo.cdc.gov/CDCrecommends/AdvSearchV.asp MMWR at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrsrch.htm CDC Web Search at http://www.cdc.gov/search.htm Current TrendsDrivers With Repeat Convictions or Arrests for Driving While Impaire-- United States MMWR 43(41);759-761 Publication date: 10/21/1994 Table of Contents Article Editorial Note References POINT OF CONTACT FOR THIS DOCUMENT: Tables Estimated number of drivers convicted or arrested for driving ... Article In 1992 (the latest year for which data are available), morethan 1.6 million persons in the United States (approximately 1% oflicensed drivers) were arrested for driving while impaired (DWI)(1). Persons arrested for DWI are at substantially greater risk forfuture death in a motor-vehicle crash involving alcohol than thosewho have not been arrested for DWI, and this risk increasesdirectly in relation to the number of DWI arrests (2). In addition,drivers convicted of DWI are at greater risk of being involved ina fatal crash, regardless of whether they are killed (3). Thisreport summarizes data about convictions and arrests for DWI fromstate traffic safety officials analyzed by the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) during 1994. During May-June 1994, NHTSA contacted the governor's trafficsafety representative in each of the 50 states requesting allavailable data about the proportion of DWI arrests or convictionsthat involved a repeat DWI offender and the duration for which DWIconvictions or arrests are retained in a driver's record. Of the 14states for which data were available and complete, seven reporteddata by the number of drivers arrested or convicted for DWI, andseven reported data by the total proportion of DWI arrests orconvictions. Only data reported by the number of drivers arrestedor convicted for DWI are presented in this analysis.Five of the seven states reported data about drivers convictedfor DWI; in these states, the estimated percentage of drivers withprevious DWI convictions ranged from 21% (Iowa during 1992) to 48%(New Mexico during 1992) Table 1 . The other two states reportedinformation about drivers arrested for DWI; the estimatedpercentages of drivers with previous DWI arrests were 26% (Coloradoduring 1989-91) and 46% (Minnesota during 1993) Table 1 . Thepercentage of drivers arrested or convicted for DWI with previousconvictions or arrests did not vary substantially during theyear(s) for which the data were reported. However, the percentageswere greater in most of the states that retained driving recordsfor longer periods of time. Reported by: JC Fell, MS, Office of Alcohol and State Programs,National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Div ofUnintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for InjuryPrevention and Control, CDC. Editorial Note Editorial Note: Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause ofdeath in the United States for persons in all age groups from ages1 through 34 years (4). Approximately 44% of the 40,115 trafficfatalities in 1993 were alcohol-related (5). In 1990, alcohol-related crashes cost $46.1 billion, including $5.1 billion inmedical expenses (6). Although state laws have been effective in reducing drinkingand driving and deaths associated with alcohol-related crashes (6),the findings in this report indicate that, in those states thatprovided data, approximately one third of drivers who were arrestedor convicted for DWI had previous offenses for alcohol-impaireddriving. Although this finding is consistent with previousunpublished reports of state data, it probably underestimates theprevalence of such drivers because convictions or arrests for DWIthat occur out-of-state may not be included in a driver's record.Because of the limited number of states with available data,the findings in this report may not be representative of alldrivers with previous convictions or arrests for DWI. The need forsuch information underscores the importance for states andlocalities to develop systems to track DWI offenders (e.g., systemsthat combine criminal justice records with driver history data).The risk for repeat arrests for DWI is higher among males andyoung persons (7); this risk is also higher among persons withhistories of numerous traffic violations, a high alcoholconcentration at arrest, and histories of alcohol problems (7). Forexample, of 461 drivers convicted of DWI in New York City during1983-84, approximately 73% had histories of serious alcoholproblems (8). In addition to the influence of the risk factors, thepercentage of drivers with previous convictions or arrests for DWImay reflect the aggressiveness with which states enforce lawsagainst alcohol-impaired driving. Although the annual arrest ratefor DWI nationally in 1992 was nine per 1000 licensed drivers (1),the rate varied by state and ranged from three to 22 per 1000licensed drivers (1). In addition, most repeat arrests for DWIoccur within 5 years of the previous arrest date (R. Peck,California Department of Motor Vehicles, unpublished data, 1994).Effective strategies implemented by states and localities toprevent drinking and driving have included prompt licensesuspension for persons who drive while intoxicated; enactment oflegislation lowering permissible blood alcohol content to 0.08 g/dLfor adults and to 0.02 g/dL for drivers aged less than 21 years;and initiation of public education, community awareness, and mediacampaigns about the dangers of alcohol-impaired driving (6).Specific measures implemented to prevent repeat convictions andarrests for DWI include mandatory substance-abuse assessment andtreatment, incarceration, and both; house arrest with electronicmonitoring; ignition interlocks on vehicles; license plate tagsthat identify drivers with licenses suspended for DWI; vehicleimpoundment or confiscation; fines; and increases in automobileinsurance rates (9). The effectiveness of these specific measuresmust be evaluated further; however, the findings in this reportsuggest that, to prevent injuries and deaths in alcohol-relatedcrashes, additional and stronger state legislation (e.g., mandatorysubstance-abuse assessment and treatment) should be directed towardpersons arrested for or convicted of DWI. References References 1. Federal Bureau of Investigation, US Department of Justice.Uniform crime reports: crime in the United States, 1992.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Federal Bureau ofInvestigation, 1993. 2. Brewer RD, Morris PD, Cole T, Watkins S, Patetta MJ, Popkin C.The risk of dying in alcohol-related automobile crashes amonghabitual drunk drivers. N Engl J Med 1994;331:513-7. 3. Fell JC. Repeat DWI offenders: their involvement in fatalcrashes. In: Utzelmann H-D, Berghaus G, Kroj G, eds. Proceedings ofthe 12th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and TrafficSafety. Cologne, Germany: Verlag TUV Rheinland, 1993. 4. NCHS. Health, United States, 1993. Hyattsville, Maryland: USDepartment of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,CDC, 1994; DHHS publication no. (PHS)94-1232. 5. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department ofTransportation. Traffic safety facts, 1993: alcohol. Washington,DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway TrafficSafety Administration, 1994. 6. CDC. Reduction in alcohol-related traffic fatalities -- UnitedStates, 1990-1992. MMWR 1993; 42:905-9. 7. Arstein-Kerslake GW, Peck RC. A typological analysis ofCalifornia DUI offenders and DUI recidivism correlates. Sacramento,California: California Department of Motor Vehicles, Research andDevelopment Office, 1985. 8. Miller BA, Whitney R, Washousky R. Alcoholism diagnoses forconvicted drinking drivers referred for alcoholism evaluation.Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986;10:651-6. 9. Popkin CL, Wells-Parker E. A research agenda for the specificdeterrence of DWI. Journal of Traffic Medicine 1994;22:1-14. POINT OF CONTACT FOR THIS DOCUMENT: To request a copy of this document or for questions concerning thisdocument, please contact the person or office listed below. Ifrequesting a document, please specify the complete name of thedocument as well as the address to which you would like it mailed.Note that if a name is listed with the address below, you may wishto contact this person via CDC WONDER/PC e-mail. For single issue purchase 800-843-6356 NATIONAL CENTER FOR INJURY PREVENTION AND CONTROLState/Fed Gov: For free copies write to: CDC, MMWR MS(C-08) Atlanta, GA 30333 Table 1 TABLE 1. Estimated number of drivers convicted or arrestedfor driving while impaired (DWI), by state and year -- United States===================================================================== Drivers convicted of DWI ------------------------------- Previous convictions --------------------State Year(s) Total No. (%)---------------------------------------------------------------------Iowa 1992 18,000 3,780 * (21)Nebraska 1994 + 146,619 38,547 & (26)New Mexico 1992 11,478 5,566 & (48)North Carolina 1988 65,714 21,028 @ (32)Ohio 1980-93 637,678 211,280 ** (33) Drivers arrested for DWI ------------------------------ Previous arrests --------------------State Year(s) Total No. (%)Colorado 1989-91 99,848 26,335 ++ (26)Minnesota 1993 30,717 14,034 && (46)---------------------------------------------------------------------* Within 6 years of the most recent conviction.+ Drivers convicted as of March 4, 1994.& Within 30 years of the most recent conviction.@ Within 7 years of the most recent conviction.** Within 5 years of the most recent conviction.++ Within 5 years of the most recent arrest.&& Within 30 years of the most recent arrest.===================================================================== Home Frequently Asked Questions Search Utilities Help Contact Us This page last reviewed: Wednesday, June 25, 2003 Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epidemiology Program Office Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics
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DUI / DWI, Drinking 
