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Impaired Driving Facts - NCIPC Impaired Driving More Injury Fact Sheets Impaired Driving Overview Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes kill someone every 31 minutes and nonfatally injure someone every two minutes (NHTSA 2005). Occurrence and Consequences During 2004, 16,694 people in the U.S. died in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes, representing 39% of all traffic-related deaths (NHTSA 2005). In 2004, about 1.4 million drivers were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics (Department of Justice, 2004). Thats less than one percent of the 159 million self-reported episodes of alcoholimpaired driving among U.S. adults each year (Quinlan et al. 2005). Drugs other than alcohol (e.g., marijuana and cocaine) are involved in about 18% of motor vehicle driver deaths. These other drugs are generally used in combination with alcohol (Jones et al. 2003). More than two-thirds of child passengers ages 14 and younger who died in alcohol-related crashes during 19972002 were riding with the drinking driver; only 32% of them were properly restrained at the time of the crash (Shults 2004). Cost Each year, alcohol-related crashes in the United States cost about $51 billion (Blincoe 2002). Groups at Risk Male drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes are almost twice as likely as female drivers to be intoxicated with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or greater (NHTSA 2004b). A BAC of 0.08% is equal to or greater than the legal limit in most states. At all levels of blood alcohol concentration, the risk of being involved in a crash is greater for young people than for older people (Zador 2000). In 2003, 25% of drivers ages 15 to 20 who died in motor vehicle crashes had been drinking alcohol (NHTSA 2004c). Young men ages 18 to 20 (under the legal drinking age) reported driving while impaired almost as frequently as men ages 21 to 34 (Liu 1997). Among motorcycle drivers killed in fatal crashes, 30% have BACs of 0.08% or greater (Paulozzi 2004). Nearly half of the alcohol-impaired motorcyclists killed each year are age 40 or older, and motorcyclists ages 40 to 44 years have the highest percentage of fatalities with BACs of 0.08% or greater (Paulozzi 2004). Of the 2,136 traffic fatalities among children ages 0 to 14 years in 2003, 21% involved alcohol (NHTSA 2004d). Risk Factors Nearly three quarters of those convicted of driving while impaired are either frequent heavy drinkers (alcohol abusers) or alcoholics (alcohol dependent) (Miller 1986). Among drivers involved in fatal crashes, those with BAC levels of 0.08% or higher were nine times more likely to have a prior conviction for driving while impaired (DWI) than were drivers who had not consumed alcohol (NHTSA 2004a). CDC Activities Actions to decrease alcohol-related fatal crashes involving young drivers have been effective Over the past 20 years, alcohol-related fatal crash rates have decreased by 60 percent for drivers ages 16 to 17 years and 55 percent for drivers ages 18 to 20 years. However, this progress has stalled in the past few years. To further decrease alcohol-related fatal crashes among young drivers, communities need to implement and enforce strategies that are known to be effective, such as minimum legal drinking age laws and "zero tolerance" laws for drivers under 21 years of age. Elder RW, Shults RA. Trends in alcohol involvement in fatal motor vehicle crashes among young drivers 1982-2001. MMWR 2002;51:108991. Sobriety checkpoints reduce alcohol-related crashes Fewer alcohol-related crashes occur when sobriety checkpoints are implemented, according to a CDC report published in the December 2002 issue of Traffic Injury Prevention. Sobriety checkpoints are traffic stops where law enforcement officers systematically select drivers to assess their level of alcohol impairment. The goal of these interventions is to deter alcohol-impaired driving by increasing drivers perceived risk of arrest. The conclusion that they are effective in reducing alcohol-related crashes is based on a systematic review of research about sobriety checkpoints. The review was conducted by a team of experts led by CDC scientists, under the oversight of the Task Force on Community Preventive Servicesa 15-member, non-federal group of leaders in various health-related fields. (Visit www.thecommunityguide.org for more information.) The review combined the results of 23 scientifically-sound studies from around the world. Results indicated that sobriety checkpoints consistently reduced alcohol-related crashes, typically by about 20 percent. The results were similar regardless of how the checkpoints were conducted, for short-term blitzes, or when checkpoints were used continuously for several years. This suggests that the effectiveness of checkpoints does not diminish over time. Elder RW, Shults RA, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Zaza S, Thompson RS. Effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints for reducing alcohol-involved crashes. Traffic Inj Prev 2002;3:266-74. Stronger state DUI prevention activities may reduce alcohol-impaired driving Strong state activities designed to prevent driving under the influence (DUI), including legislation, enforcement, and education, may reduce the incidence of drinking and driving, according to a study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). For the study, which was published in the June 2002 issue of Injury Prevention, CDC analyzed data from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) national telephone survey, and the Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Rating the States 2000 survey, that graded states on their DUI countermeasures from 1996-1999. Results showed that residents of states with a MADD grade of "D" were 60 percent more likely to report alcohol-impaired driving than were residents from states with a MADD grade of "A." MADD based the grades on 11 categories of prevention measures, including DUI legislation; political leadership; statistics and records availability; resources devoted to enforcing DUI laws; administrative penalties and criminal sanctions; regulatory control and alcohol availability; youth DUI legislation; prevention and education; and victim compensation and support. The study also found that 4 percent of the residents who consume alcohol reported they had driven after having too much to drink at least once during the previous month. Men were nearly three times as likely as women to report alcohol-impaired driving, and single people were about 50 percent more likely to report alcohol-impaired driving than married people or those living with a partner. Shults RA, Sleet DA, Elder RW, Ryan GW, Sehgal M. Association between state-level drinking and driving countermeasures and self-reported alcohol-impaired driving. Inj Prev 2002;8:10610. Research leads to bills that protect children from drinking drivers CDCs findings about the number of children killed in cars driven by drinking drivers has led legislators in several states to introduce bills to help protect them from drinking drivers. Such legislation creates special penalties under state child abuse laws for persons who transport children while driving drunk. Results from the study showed that nearly two-thirds of children killed in drinking driver-related crashes were riding with the impaired driver. Fewer than 20 percent of the children killed were properly restrained at the time of the crash, and restraint use decreased as the drivers blood alcohol concentration increased. Quinlan KP, Brewer RD, Sleet DA, Dellinger AM. Child passenger deaths and injuries involving drinking drivers. JAMA 2000:283(17):224952. Research identifies effective interventions against alcohol-impaired driving CDC and the Task Force on Community Preventive Servicesan independent, nonfederal panel of community health expertspublished systematic reviews of the literature for five community-based interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. The reviews revealed strong evidence of effectiveness for 0.08% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) laws, minimum legal drinking age laws, and sobriety checkpoints. They also found sufficient evidence of effectiveness for lower BAC laws specific to young or inexperienced drivers (zero tolerance laws) and intervention training programs for alcohol servers. A detailed description of the sobriety checkpoints systematic review was published in the December 2002 issue of Traffic Injury Prevention. The systematic review of the effectiveness of 0.08% BAC laws for drivers was helpful in establishing a 0.08% standard nationwide. The review revealed that state laws that lowered the illegal BAC for drivers from 0.10% to 0.08% reduced alcohol-related fatalities by a median of 7 percent, translating to 500 lives saved annually. With this evidence, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services strongly recommended that all states pass 0.08% BAC laws. In October 2000, the President signed the Fiscal Year 2001 transportation appropriations bill, requiring states to pass the 0.08% BAC law by October 2003 or risk losing federal highway construction funds. As of October 1, 2003, 45 states and the District of Columbia had enacted 0.08% BAC legislation. In June 2001, Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, awarded the Secretarys Award for Distinguished Service to the systematic review team for their contribution to the field. The team is currently conducting systematic reviews of mass media campaigns, school-based education programs, and designated driver programs, which are scheduled for publication in 2004. The Guide to Community Preventive Services Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MA, Carande-Kulis VG, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving [published erratum appears in American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2002;23:72]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2001;21(4S):6688. Prevention Strategies Effective measures to prevent injuries and deaths from impaired driving include: Promptly suspending the driver's licenses of people who drive while intoxicated (DeJong 1998). Lowering the permissible levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for adults to 0.08% in all states (Shults 2001). Zero tolerance laws for drivers younger than 21 years old in all states (Shults 2001). Sobriety checkpoints (Shults 2001). Multi-faceted community-based approaches to alcohol control and DUI prevention (Holder 2000, DeJong 1998). Mandatory substance abuse assessment and treatment for driving-under-the-influence offenders (Wells-Parker, 1995). Other suggested measures include: Reducing the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.05% (Howat 1991; National Committee on Injury Prevention and Control 1989). Raising state and federal alcohol excise taxes (National Committee on Injury Prevention and Control 1989). Implementing compulsory blood alcohol testing when traffic crashes result in injury (National Committee on Injury Prevention and Control 1989). References Blincoe L, Seay A, Zaloshnja E, Miller T, Romano E, Luchter S, et al. The Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2000. Washington (DC): Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); 2002. Available from URL: www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/economic/econimpact2000/index.htm Brewer RD , Morris PD, Cole TB, Watkins S, Patetta MJ, Popkin C. The risk of dying in alcohol-related automobile crashes among habitual drunk drivers. New England Journal of Medicine 1994;331:5137. DeJong W. Hingson R. Strategies to reduce driving under the influence of alcohol. Annual Review of Public Health 1998;19:35978. Department of Justice (US), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Crime in the United States 2004: Uniform Crime Reports. Washington (DC): FBI; 2004 [cited November 15, 2005]. Available from URL: www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_04/documents/CIUS2004.pdf . Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Traffic safety facts 2004: alcohol. Washington (DC): NHTSA; 2005 [cited 2005 Nov 6]. Available from URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2004/809905.pdf . Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Traffic safety facts 2003: children. Washington (DC): NHTSA; 2004d [cited 2004 Nov 4]. Available from URL: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2003/809762.pdf . Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Traffic safety facts 2003: overview. Washington (DC): NHTSA; 2004b [cited 2004 Oct 19]. Available from URL: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2003/809767.pdf . Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Traffic safety facts 2003: young drivers. Washington (DC): NHTSA; 2004c [cited 2004 Oct 19]. Available from URL: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2003/809774.pdf . Holder HD, Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Treno AJ, Grube JW, Saltz RF, et al. Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000;284:2341-7. Howat P, Sleet D, Smith I. Alcohol and driving: is the .05% blood alcohol concentration limit justified? Drug and Alcohol Review 1991;10(1):15166. Jones RK, Shinar D, Walsh JM. State of knowledge of drug-impaired driving. Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); 2003. Report DOT HS 809 642. Liu S, Siegel PZ, Brewer RD, Mokdad AH, Sleet DA, Serdula M. Prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving. Results from a national self-reported survey of health behaviors. Journal of the American Medical Association 1997;277(2):1225. Miller BA, Whitney R, Washousky R. Alcoholism diagnoses for convicted drinking drivers referred for alcoholism evaluation. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 1986;10(6):6516. National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control. Injury prevention: meeting the challenge. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1989;5(3 Suppl):1237. Paulozzi LJ, Patel R. Changes in motorcycle crash mortality rates by blood alcohol concentration and age United States, 1983 - 2003. MMWR 2004;53(47):1103-6. Quinlan KP, Brewer RD, Siegel P, Sleet DA, Mokdad AH, Shults RA, Flowers N. Alcohol-impaired driving among U.S. adults, 1993-2002. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;28(4):345-350. Shults RA. Child passenger deaths involving drinking driversUnited States, 19972002 [published erratum appears in MMWR 2004;53(5):109]. MMWR 2004;53(4):779. Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MO, Carande-Kulis VG, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2001;2(4 Suppl):6688. Wells-Parker E, Bangert-Drowns R, McMillen R, Williams M. Final results from a meta-analysis of remedial interventions with drink/drive offenders. Addiction 1995;90:907-26. Zador PL, Krawchuk SA, Voas RB. Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2000;61:387-95. Contact Information National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Mailstop K65 4770 Buford Highway NE Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 Phone: 770.488.1506 Fax: 770.488.1667 Email: OHCINFO@cdc.gov News | Facts | Data | Publications | Funding | Contact Us CDC Home | CDC Search | Health Topics A-Z Privacy Notice - Accessibility This page last reviewed 01/23/06 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
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Austin DUI LawyerCriminal Case Management Software for Criminal Attorneys - Criminal Law Software - eLawSoftware - Attorney Guide for DWI DUI Attorneys and Criminal Lawyers http://www.elawsoftware.com/attorney.directory A directory of qualified criminal attorneys, lawyers & counselors for all criminal charges in Texas and Oklahoma. Including DWI, DUI, OWI, BWI, Drunk Driving, Assault, Theft, Possession of Controlled Substances, Possession of Marijuana, Federal Charges, Criminal Mischief and all Criminal Charges. en-us Plone 2.0 Austin Criminal Defense Attorney Steven C. Lee http://www.elawsoftware.com/attorney.directory/austin.texas.dwi.criminal.attorney.steven.lee DWI, Assault, Theft, Criminal Law, 24/7 Austin-Travis County Jail Release elawsoftware Wed, 16 Nov 2005 11:38:00 -0600 Austin Criminal Defense Attorney Austin DWI Lawyer Travis County Austin Criminal Defense Attorney who represents clients accused of all types of crimes in Travis County, Williamson County and Hays County. This includes criminal defense of: DWI · Assault · Theft Dometic Violence · Drug Offenses Possession · Sexual Offenses · Murder Misdemeanors · Felonies 24/7 Austin Jail Release Probation Violations · Federal or State Criminal Charges Austin DWI · Georgetown DWI · San Marcos DWI When you need an aggressive criminal defense attorney to fight your charges, call Steven C. Lee . He will put his years of legal and courtroom experience to work for you. His knowledge and understanding of criminal law defense is uniquely matched by his ability to creatively apply the law to the facts of your case. Austin Criminal Defense Attorney Steve Lee Call 512-236-1300 for a free consultation . Steve Lee's website: www.steveleelaw.com "Help when you need it!" Travis County Criminal Defense Lawyer Austin, Bee Caves, Briarcliff, Creedmoor, Del Valle, Jonestown, Lago Vista, Lake Travis, Lakeway, Manchaca, Manor, McNeil, Oak Hill, Pflugerville, Spicewood, Sunset Valley, West Lake Hills Williamson County Criminal Defense Lawyer Andice, Cedar Park, Coupland, Florence, Georgetown, Granger, Hutto, Jarrell, Leander, Liberty Hill, Round Rock, Schwertner, Taylor, Thrall, Walburg, Weir Hays County Criminal Defense Lawyer Buda, Driftwood, Dripping Springs, Kyle, Mountain City, San Marcos, Uhland, Wimberley _____ tags: Austin Criminal Defense Attorney | Austin DWI Lawyer | Travis County ]] Austin DWI Attorney - Dunham & Rogers (512)474-4444 - Austin Texas http://www.elawsoftware.com/attorney.directory/austin.tx.dwi.dui.dunham.rogers Representing those charged with DWI, DUI and BWI in Austin Texas, Williamson County, Hays County, Bastrop County and Burnet County. elawsoftware Wed, 19 Oct 2005 18:27:17 -0500 Austin DWI Lawyer Texas Travis County austin dwi attorney Austin DWI Attorney - Dunham & Rogers (512)474-4444 Austin DWI Attorneys Dunham & Rogers represent DWI clients throughout Austin and Central Texas. Dunham & Rogers is a Austin, Texas law firm concentrating in Driving While Intoxicated , Driving Under the Influence and Boating While Intoxicated cases. When selecting legal representation, realize that your attorney's experience is very important. The way your case is handled will have an influence on the outcome and thus your future. Having Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists on your side can mean the difference between obtaining a good result and a bad result . At Dunham & Rogers , many of our attorneys have previously been Assistant District Attorneys, spending years perfecting their courtroom skills. We know the procedures of the court system and can make that system work for you. BEWARE - Serious Consequences A DWI , DUI or BUI charge has serious consequences. You may lose your driver's license, experience a substantial increase in car insurance rates, pay large fines and court costs, suffer a driver's license surcharge ranging from $3,000.00 to $6,000.00, and possibly face jail time. Don't leave your future to chance. Select an attorney who will fight for you. At Dunham & Rogers we will work for dismissal or reduction of your charge . If we are successful, you may even be able to have your arrest record and fingerprints torn up! Don't let this arrest record affect your job or your future; call us immediately to discuss how we can handle your case. CAUTION - A Word of Warning You have only 15 days from the date of arrest to request a hearing on your driver's license . If you fail to request a hearing, your license may be suspended and you face the probability of paying huge fines for several years. It is important that you hire legal representation for this hearing to challenge the license suspension. Having legal representation for this license hearing provides an opportunity for your attorney to question the arresting officer. Putting the officer on the stand helps to establish his or her position, which can be very beneficial to your case. FINES - Driver's License Surcharge Since 2003, the Texas Department of Public Safety has been authorized to levy a surcharge on driver's licenses suspended for alcohol related arrests. This charge can range from $1,000.00 to $2,000.00 per year for three years . Depending on your case, you could be facing a $6,000.00 fee just to keep your license. Now you know why it is so important to fight your license suspension. Call today at 512-474-4444 or 1-888-DISMISS for a free consultation . Dunham & Rogers website: www.austin-tx-dwi.com Dunham & Rogers 1800 Guadalupe Street Austin, Texas 78701 512-474-4444 or 1-888-DISMISS www.austin-tx-dwi.com Austin DWI Lawyer - Dunham & Rogers (512)474-4444 _____ tags: Austin DWI Lawyer | Texas | Travis County | austin dwi attorney ]] Oklahoma DUI & DWI Attorney - Oklahoma Drunk Driving Defense Lawyer - Hunsucker Defense Firm http://www.elawsoftware.com/attorney.directory/oklahoma.city.ok.dui.dwi.hunsucker.defense.firm Serving the people of Oklahoma who have been charged with DUI's & DWI's. elawsoftware Sun, 16 Oct 2005 12:04:13 -0500 Cleveland County Oklahoma Oklahoma City Oklahoma DUI Attorney Oklahoma DUI Lawyer Oklahoma City DUI attorney John Hunsucker represents DUI clients throughout the state of Oklahoma . As a former Assistant District Attorney, Mr. Hunsucker has criminally prosecuted hundreds of DUI cases. As Oklahoma's premier DUI attorney, Mr. Hunsucker now defends hundreds of DUI and DPS hearings a year ranging from (DUI) Felony Murder II to municipal DWIs . Frequently called upon by other attorneys for his DUI knowledge , he is a Member of the National College of DUI Defense and is a Member of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Association . Call 405-231-5600 or 1-888-DUI-ARREST for a free consultation . Hunsucker Defense Firm's website: www.okdui.com You ONLY have 15 days to save your license! Hunsucker Defense Firm represents those charged with a DUI or DWI in the following Oklahoma counties: Cleveland County DUI Attorney Lexington, Moore, Noble, Norman Oklahoma County DUI Attorney Arcadia, Bethany, Choctaw, Del City, Edmond, Harrah, Jones, Luther, Midwest City, Newalla, Nicoma Park, Oklahoma City, Spencer, Village, Warr Acres, Wheatland Lincoln County DUI Attorney Agra, Carney, Chandler, Davenport, Meeker, Prague, Sparks, Stroud, Tyron, Wellston Pottawatomie County DUI Attorney Asher, Earlsboro, Macomb, Maud, McLoud, Saint Louis, Shawnee, Tecumseh, Wanette Logan County DUI Attorney Coyle, Crescent, Guthrie, Langston, Marshall, Meridian, Mulhall, Orlando Kingfisher County DUI Attorney Cashion, Dover, Hennessey, Kingfisher, Loyal, Okarche, Omega Canadian County DUI Attorney Calumet, Concho, El Reno, Mustang, Piedmont, Union City, Yukon Pontotoc County DUI Attorney Ada, Allen, Fittstown, Fitzhugh McClain County DUI Attorney Blanchard, Byars, Dibble, Newcastle, Purcell, Washington, Wayne Garvin County DUI Attorney Elmore City, Hennepin, Lindsay, Maysville, Paoli, Pauls Valley, Pernell, Stratford, Wynnewood Grady County DUI Attorney Alex, Amber, Bradley, Chickasha, Minco, Ninnekah, Pocasset, Rush Springs, Tuttle, Verden Carter County DUI Attorney Ardmore, Fox, Gene Autry, Graham, Healdton, Lone Grove, Milo, Pooleville, Ratliff City, Springer, Tatums, Tussy, Wilson Jefferson County DUI Attorney Addington, Hastings, Oscar, Ringling, Ryan, Terral, Waurika Love County DUI Attorney Burneyville, Leon, Marietta, Overbrook, Thackerville Cotton County DUI Attorney Devol, Randlett, Temple, Walters Comanche County DUI Attorney Cache, Chattanooga, Elgin, Faxon, Fletcher, Fort Sill, Geronimo, Indiahoma, Lawton, Medicine Park, Meers, Sterling Tillman County DUI Attorney Davidson, Frederick, Grandfield, Hollister, Loveland, Manitou, Tipton Jackson County DUI Attorney Altus, Blair, Duke, Eldorado, Elmer, Headrick, Martha, Olustee Harmon County DUI Attorney Gould, Hollis, Vinson Greer County DUI Attorney Granite, Mangum, Willow Kiowa County DUI Attorney Gotebo, Hobart, Lone Wolf, Mountain Park, Mountain View, Roosevelt, Snyder Caddo County DUI Attorney Albert, Anadarko, Apache, Binger, Carnegie, Cement, Cyril, Eakly, Fort Cobb, Gracemont, Hinton, Hydro, Lookeba, Washita Stephens County DUI Attorney Bray, Comanche, Countyline, Duncan, Foster, Loco, Marlow, Velma Blaine County DUI Attorney Canton, Geary, Greenfield, Hitchcock, Longdale, Okeene, Southard, Watonga Washita County DUI Attorney Bessie, Burns Flat, Canute, Colony, Cordell, Corn, Dill City, Foss, Rocky, Sentinel Beckham County DUI Attorney Carter, Elk City, Erick, Mayfield, Sayre, Texola Roger Mills County DUI Attorney Cheyenne, Crawford, Durham, Hammon, Reydon, Sweetwater Custer County DUI Attorney Arapaho, Butler, Clinton, Custer City, Thomas, Weatherford Dewey County DUI Attorney Camargo, Fay, Leedey, Oakwood, Putnam, Seiling, Taloga, Vici Ellis County DUI Attorney Arnett, Fargo, Gage, Shattuck Woodward County DUI Attorney Fort Supply, Mooreland, Mutual, Sharon, Woodward Major County DUI Attorney Ames, Chester, Cleo Springs, Fairview, Isabella, Meno, Orienta, Ringwood Garfield County DUI Attorney Bison, Carrier, Covington, Douglas, Drummond, Enid, Fairmont, Garber, Hillsdale, Hunter, Kremlin, Lahoma, Waukomis Grant County DUI Attorney Deer Creek, Lamont, Manchester, Medford, Nash, Pond Creek, Wakita Alfalfa County DUI Attorney Aline, Amorita, Burlington, Carmen, Cherokee, Goltry, Helena, Jet Woods County DUI Attorney Alva, Dacoma, Freedom, Hopeton, Waynoka Harper County DUI Attorney Buffalo, Laverne, May, Rosston Beaver County DUI Attorney Balko, Beaver, Forgan, Gate, Knowles, Turpin Texas County DUI Attorney Adams, Goodwell, Guymon, Hardesty, Hooker, Texhoma, Tyrone Cimarron County DUI Attorney Boise City, Felt, Kenton, Keyes Oklahoma DUI Lawyer - John Hunsucker (405)231-5600 - okdui.com _____ tags: Cleveland County | Oklahoma | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma DUI Attorney | Oklahoma DUI Lawyer ]] Austin Texas DWI Specialist Lawyer - Ben Florey (512)499-8448 http://www.elawsoftware.com/attorney.directory/austin.tx.dwi.dui.specialist.ben.florey Board Certified DWI Specialist Lawyer handling DWI, DUI and BWI in Austin Texas, Travis County, Georgetown Texas, Williamson County, San Marcos Texas, Hays County, Bastrop County and Burnet County. elawsoftware Sat, 15 Oct 2005 18:30:00 -0500 Austin DWI Lawyer austin dwi attorney Austin Texas DWI Specialist Lawyer - Ben Florey (512)499-8448 Austin DWI Lawyer Ben Florey is Board Certified in Criminal Law and is AV Rated by Martindale-Hubbell . DWI Attorney Ben Florey handles drunk driving cases in Austin Texas and all of its surrounding counties including Williamson County , Hays County , Burnet County and Bastrop County . If you have been charged with a DWI you have one overriding concern that you need to consider. Your future! From job prospects to simply retaining your driver's license, your arrest potentially has many long-term consequences. That is why it is important for you to select a lawyer with significant DWI experience . You need representation that can make a difference in the outcome of your case. If you are serious about fighting your DWI charge, then call me . We'll discuss ways I may be able to get your case reduced or even dismissed. You should note that you must request a license hearing withing 15 days of the date of arrest . The license hearing is very important to the outcome of your case, so please call today for a free, no obligation phone consultation. Call today at 512-499-8448 or 1-800-499-8455 for a free consultation . Ben Floreys website: www.austin-dwi-specialist.com Ben Florey Texas Board Certified Attorney Austin DWI Lawyer Austin, Texas 512-499-8448 or 1-800-499-8455 www.austin-dwi-specialist.com Austin DWI Lawyer - Ben Florey DWI Specialist (512)499-8448 Ben Florey represents those charged with a DWI in the following Texas counties: Travis County DWI Lawyer> Austin , Bee Caves , Briarcliff , Creedmoor , Del Valle , Jonestown , Lago Vista , Lake Travis , Lakeway , Manchaca , Manor , McNeil , Oak Hill , Pflugerville , Spicewood , Sunset Valley , West Lake Hills Williamson County DWI Lawyer Andice , Cedar Park , Coupland , Florence , Georgetown , Granger , Hutto , Jarrell , Leander , Liberty Hill , Round Rock , Schwertner , Taylor , Thrall , Walburg , Weir Hays County DWI Lawyer Buda , Driftwood , Dripping Springs , Kyle , Mountain City , San Marcos , Uhland , Wimberley Bastrop County DWI Lawyer Bastrop , Cedar Creek , Elgin , McDade , Paige , Red Rock , Rockne , Rosanky , Smithville Burnet County DWI Lawyer Bertram , Briggs, Burnet, Granite Shoals , Horseshoe Bay , Marble Falls Austin DWI Attorney - Ben Florey DWI Specialist (512)499-8448 _____ tags: Austin DWI Lawyer | austin dwi attorney ]]
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Drunk Driving DefenseCalifornia DUI Attorney, Los Angeles DUI Attorney, Orange County DUI Attorney, California DUI Lawyer, Los Angeles DUI Lawyer, Orange County DUI Lawyer, DUI Los Angeles DUI Attorney Orange County DUI Attorney "Aggressively Applying our Legal Skills to Your Problem" Click here for a FREE CASE ANALYSIS Southern California DUI Attorney Vincent John Tucci will be speaking at a seminar on October 11, 2005 for Strategies In Handling DWI And DUI Cases DUI/DWI Trials Our Mission & Goals DMV Hearings Info on Hearings & SR-22 DMV Suspensions Mature Driver Links & Resources Negligent Operator California's Point System Expungement Practice Limited to DUI & DMV Defense (949) 872-2700 "Aggressively Applying our Legal Skills to Your Problem" 24 Hour Assistance * Immediate Jail Release * Free Initial Consultation Questions to Ask your Prospective Attorney Vincent Tucci Your Attorney Does the attorney you're interviewing regularly lecture on DUI & DMV issues at seminars ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified in the protocols for a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified on the Alco-Sensor IV PAS Device ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified on the Datamaster CDM Evidentiary Breath Machine ? Is the attorney you're interviewing certified in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Field Sobriety Test Protocols ? Has the attorney you're interviewing attended the Borkenstein Class at Indiana University on Alcohol, Drugs, and Highway Safety ? Is the attorney you're interviewing a Board of Director member of the California DUI Lawyer Assn ? Has the attorney you're interviewing ever been asked IN WRITING by the Director of the CA DMV to videotape their hearings to instruct their hearing officers ? Here's the link to the letter. 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Field Sobriety Test Summary DUI Lawyer TN Drunk Driving Lawyer Tennessee DUI Attorney DWAI DWI OUI Knoxville TN Areas of Legal Practice | About the Lawyers | DUI /DWI Information | Court Information | Defense Resources Frequently Asked Questions | Contact Us | Prospective Client Information | Related Links Field Sobriety Test Summary DUI Penalties Tennessee Criminal Justice System Blood Alcohol Educator Underage DUI Implied Consent Violation Expungement of Criminal Record Chemical Test Summary DUI Information Field Sobriety Tests Summary Introduction Although this is intended to be a very cursory summary of field sobriety tests, Mr. Oberman can explain to you in more detail the history of the field sobriety tests, the administrative procedures, the instructions, the standardized clues and the scoring system when you meet with him. Mr. Oberman is one of the few lawyers in the nation who have been certified by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to administer these tests. Click here for a PDF of Case Law . History Field sobriety tests have been around as long as the enforcement of DUI laws. For years, field sobriety tests varied among officers within the same law enforcement agency as well as from one agency to another. Field sobriety tests were limited only by the officers’ collective imaginations. In the late 1970’s the United States Department of Transportation, National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration (hereinafter referred to as NHTSA), funded research to evaluate currently used physical coordination tests which were used to determine the relationship between intoxication and driving impairment, to develop more sensitive tests which would provide more reliable evidence of impairment, and to standardize the tests. The researchers finally concluded that the three test battery, which included the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, Walk-and-Turn, and One-Leg Stand, offered a reliable field sobriety testing procedure. The next step was to standardize these tests. Additional research was therefore conducted to complete the development and validation of this sobriety test battery and to assess the battery’s feasibility in the field , as well as its effectiveness for estimating the blood alcohol content of subjects and facilitating the identification of persons with a blood alcohol content above the legal limit. Types of Field Sobriety Tests Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Nystagmus is the involuntary jerking of the eye. It can be an indication of intoxication. However, the occurrence of nystagmus is not dependent upon the presence of an intoxicant in the body. Substances that would not interfere with driving ability can produce nystagmus, and nystagmus may be congenital or caused by structural neurologic disease. Examples of possible manifestations of alcohol impairment emerging during nystagmus test include the inability to keep the head still; noticeable swaying, and the utterance of incriminating statements. Points are not deducted, however, for any of these behaviors. Examples of conditions that may interfere with suspect’s performance of the nystagmus test include a suspect having an artificial eye; having damaged or very weak vision in one eye; eye irritants such as wind, dust, and rain; and visual and other distractions which impede the test, such as traffic, blinking lights, rain, etc. Some persons who are not under the influence may exhibit nystagmus. Nystagmus may also be caused by certain pathological disorders such as brain tumors, brain damage and some diseases of the inner ear. Walk and Turn In this test, the subject assumes a heel-to-toe stance with the subject’s arms down at her side. The subject is to maintain this position until the officer tells her to begin walking. At that time, pursuant to the instructions given bythe officer during the instruction phase, the subject is to take 9 heel-to-toe steps down a real or imaginary, turn around and take 9 heel-to-toe steps back up the line. The turn is not a pivot, but instead is made by taking a series of small steps with one foot, keeping the front foot on the line. While walking, the subject is to keep her arms at her side, watch her feet at all times, and count her steps out loud. Examples of conditions that may interfere with suspects performance of the walk and turn test include wind and weather conditions; the suspect being over the age of sixty; the suspect being fifty pounds or more overweight; the footwear of the suspect; and highway traffic. One Leg Stand The instructions for this test are given to the subject while the subject stands with his feet together, and arms down at his side until told to start. The instructions which are supposed to be given to the subject (with accompanying demonstration) are for the subject to stand on one leg (either leg), holding out the other foot approximately 6 inches off the ground, foot pointed forward so the raised foot is approximately parallel to the ground. While standing, the subject may be instructed to maintain this position while the officer estimates thirty second or the subject may be told to count out loud (one thousand and one, one thousand and two, and so on). Either way, the subject is to keep his arms at his sides at all times and watch the raised foot. Examples of conditions which may impede a suspect’s ability to perform this test include a test surface which is not dry and level; the suspect being over the age of sixty; the suspect being at least fifty pounds overweight; footwear which impedes the performance of the test, such as heels; and certain medical problems and disabilities. Non Standardized Field Sobriety Tests There are other, non-standardized field sobriety tests which have been approved for use by such organizations as International Association of Chiefs of Police ("I.A.C.P.") in their "Improved Sobriety Testing for Boating/Alcohol Enforcement" Student Manual and the U.S. National Park Service. These tests include, but are not limited to, the finger to nose test, the finger count test, the hand pat test, the alphabet test, the reverse counting test, and the coin pickup test. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing, Student Manual, VIII-5 (2000). Back to Top Site Index | Home Law Offices of Steven Oberman 550 Main St. Suite 950 Knoxville, Tennessee - TN 37902 Phone: (865) 546-4292 Fax: (865) 540-1696 Email: info@tndui.com
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DUI / DWI, Drinking 
