Drunk Driving

Arizona DUI Law

Pima, Arizona DUI/DWI Attorneys, Lawyers and Law Firms DUI/DWI Lawyers in Pima County, Arizona View all DUI/DWI Lawyers in Arizona Search for Premier DUI/DWI Attorneys Search by State: AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MH MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA PR RI SC SD TN TX VI UT VT VA WA WV WI WY -------- or --------- Search within: 25 Miles 50 Miles 125 Miles All From Zip Code: Additional Resources How a criminal lawyer can help DUI/DWI Law (Drunk Driving) FAQs State-by-state DMV Information State laws on Drunk Driving MADD Impaired Driving Facts Alcoholics Anonymous Drunk Driving State Statisics Home -> DUI/DWI -> Arizona -> Pima County Lawyers View All Pima County Lawyers Levenbaum & Cohen Contact: (800) 433-5336 Free Initial Consultation Send Email | Visit WebSite | Click Here for Phone Number THE ATTORNEYS THE PROSECUTION DOESN`T WANT YOU TO HIRE - Aggressively handling all felonies and misdemeanors, our office is a leading Arizona law firm handling all criminal matters. CALL FOR A FREE CONSULTATION 24 HOURS / 7 DAYS. The Cochran Firm Criminal Defense Section Contact: Call for Free Consultation Free Phone Consultation Send Email | Visit WebSite | Click Here for Phone Number All Courts, All Crimes. Federal, State, Juvenile, Sex Crimes, Drugs, DUI, Domestic Violence, Embezzlement, etc. Available 24 Hours, for Free Consultation. Experienced Attorneys with Proven Results. Listings for Pima County DUI/DWI Lawyers: Tucson, AZ David Alan Darby, Law Office of , David A. Darby, 177 N. Church Avenue, Suite 909 Law Offices Of Charnesky & Dieglio, L.L.C. , James Charnesky, 318 S. Convent Avenue Williamson & Young, P.C. , Kathleen G. Williamson, PO Box 2493 Pima County Lawyers in related fields Criminal Defense Lawyers Are you a Lawyer? List on AttorneyPages | Find Expert Witnesses | Find Legal Information / Advice | Legal Forms | About Us | Media AttorneyPages® is not a lawyer referral service and never receives any portion of any attorney's fees.We welcome feedback from visitors but are not responsible for any attorney's advice. Use of AttorneyPages.com is subject to our disclaimer, conditions of use and privacy policy.Use for marketing or solicitation is prohibited. AttorneyPages® , ExpertPages® and FreeAdvice® are trademarks and units of Advice Company ® 1997 to 2006 - All Rights Reserved - For feedback or listing information only, contact us by phone, Fax or Email: 2330 Marinship Way Suite 120, Sausalito, CA 94965, P.O. Box 1739 Sausalito, CA 94966 (415) 331-1212 - Fax (415) 331-4255

National Drunk and Drugged Driving Month -- National Center forInjury Prevention and Control 3D Month Impaired Driving Fact Sheet December is National Drunk and Drugged Driving Prevention Month Impaired driving will affect one in three Americans during their lifetime. In 2004, 16,694 people died in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes, accounting for 39% of all traffic-related deaths in the United States (NHTSA 2005). December is National Drunk and Drugged Driving Prevention Month (3D Month) by Presidential Proclamation . Quick Facts About Drunk and Drugged Driving An alcohol-related motor vehicle crash kills someone every 31 minutes and nonfatally injures someone every two minutes (NHTSA 2005). Drugs other than alcohol (e.g., marijuana and cocaine) are involved in about 18% of motor vehicle driver deaths. These other drugs are generally used in combination with alcohol (Jones et al. 2003). Each year, alcohol-related crashes in the United States cost about $51 billion (Blincoe et al. 2002). Most drinking and driving episodes go undetected. In 2004, about 1.4 million drivers were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics (Department of Justice, 2005). Thats less than one percent of the 159 million self-reported episodes of alcoholimpaired driving among U.S. adults each year (Quinlan et al. 2005). To further decrease alcohol-related fatal crashes, communities need to implement and enforce strategies that are known to be effective, such as sobriety checkpoints, 0.08% BAC laws, minimum legal drinking age laws, "zero tolerance" laws for young drivers, and others (Elder et al. 2002, Howat et al. 2004, Shults et al. 2001, Shults et al. 2002). For more facts , see CDC's alcohol-impaired driving fact sheet. References Blincoe L, Seay A, Zaloshnja E, Miller T, Romano E, Luchter S, et al. The economic impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2000. Washington (DC): Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); 2002. Available from URL: www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/economic/econimpact2000/index.htm . Department of Justice (US), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Crime in the United States 2004: Uniform Crime Reports. Washington (DC): FBI; 2004 [cited November 15, 2005]. Available from URL: http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_04/documents/CIUS2004.pdf . Elder RW, Shults RA, Sleet DA, et al. Effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints for reducing alcohol-involved crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention 2002;3:266-74. Howat P, Sleet DA, Elder R, Maycock B. Preventing alcohol-related traffic injury: a health promotion approach. Traffic Injury Prevention 2004;5(3):208-19. Jones RK, Shinar D, Walsh JM. State of knowledge of drug-impaired driving. Dept of Transportation (US), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); 2003. Report DOT HS 809 642. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (2005). Traffic safety facts 2004: alcohol. Washington (DC): [cited 2005 Nov 6]. Available from URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2004/809905.pdf . Quinlan KP, Brewer RD, Siegel P, Sleet DA, Mokdad AH, Shults RA, Flowers N. Alcohol-impaired driving among U.S. adults, 1993-2002. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;28(4):345-350. Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MA, Carande-Kulis VG, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving [published erratum appears in Am J Prev Med 2002;23:72]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2001;21(4S):66-88. Shults RA, Sleet DA, Elder RW, Ryan GW, Sehgal M. Association between state-level drinking and driving countermeasures and self-reported alcohol-impaired driving. Injury Prevention 2002;8:10610. Back to Top Disclaimer Some of these sites are not CDC sites. CDC is not responsible for the content of web pages found at links to such sites. Links to nonfederal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not indicate an endorsement of these organizations by CDC or the federal government. Contact Information National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Mailstop K65 4770 Buford Highway NE Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 Phone: 770.488.1506 Fax: 770.488.1667 Email: OHCINFO@cdc.gov News | Facts | Data | Publications | Funding | Contact Us CDC Home | CDC Search | Health Topics A-Z Privacy Notice This page last reviewed 12/02/05 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control

DUI Lawyers Resource Center

California DUI Lawyers Email Us Site Map :: Disclaimer California DUI Lawyers Resource Center Office Locations: Long Beach ~ Irvine Pasadena ~ Riverside Woodland Hills San Diego The California DUI Lawyers Resource Center is the web's most-visited resource for Drunk Driving laws , DUI penalties , criminal DUI lawyers , breathalyzers , DMV license suspensions and more, and is provided by the "Dean of DUI attorneys", Lawrence Taylor. With 34 years of experience, Mr. Taylor is the author of the leading textbooks in the field and heads a premier firm of California DUI attorneys, serving clients in Los Angeles , San Diego , Ventura , Riverside , San Bernardino and Orange County . The 8 criminal defense attorneys, who average 12 years of experience and include four former prosecutors, limit their practice to misdemeanor and felony DUI defense exclusively . The firm has been awarded the coveted A-V peer review rating ("very high to pre-eminent") by the International Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory — the highest rating awarded to lawyers and one shared by fewer than 7% of law firms in the United States — and is listed in the prestigious 2005 Bar Register of Preeminent Attorneys . Mr. Taylor's criminal DUI defense firm, twice featured in the American Bar Association Journal ( Dec. 2002 and Jan. 2005 ) for its specialization and unique technical support, remains the only one approved by the California State Bar to provide continuing legal education to attorneys. DUI Lawyers' and Laymen's Guide to DUI Laws and Information The 20 Most Frequently Asked Drunk Driving Questions Mr. Taylor's 20 DUI FAQs, which is widely reproduced on legal websites throughout the internet, present answers to the questions most often asked by citizens arrested for misdemeanor or felony DUI. The Driver's Guide To DUI provides an overview of drunk driving laws, evidence, penalties, license suspension procedures and car insurance issues in layman's terms and is a valuable source of information for any driver recently charged with driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The Lawyer's Guide to DUI Defense is a comprehensive source of information for attorneys involved in drunk driving defense. Legal Research provides drunk driving resources including federal law , California law and the politics of DUI . Included are California's drunk driving Vehicle Code statutes and the complete text of the most significant U.S. Supreme Court opinions affecting DUI. DUI Lectures offers audio presentations of four of Mr. Taylor's lectures; simultaneous transcripts are available for you to listen to and/or read. These cover: Demonstrative Cross-Examination of a Police Office. Attacking Blood-Alcohol Evidence in a Drunk Driving Case. Demolishing the State's Test Results Through Cross-Examination. The DUI Exception to the Constitution. DUI Books The standard textbooks in the field, Drunk Driving Defense 5th Edition and California Drunk Driving Defense 3rd Edition by Lawrence Taylor. California's Premier DUI Law Firm . For those interested in the services of The Law Offices of Lawrence Taylor, this website provides office locations, legal information and an introduction to the firm's lawyers and staff. The firm of eight attorneys (including four former prosecutors) continues to limit its practice to the defense of drunk driving cases, with a primary clientele in Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside, San Diego , Ventura and San Bernardino Counties and remains the only one in California to provide its clients with the free services of its own technical support staff of highly qualified law enforcement, blood-alcohol and license suspension experts to assist in their defense. Each case is approached with the basic tenets of the firm in mind: A focus entirely on the DUI or vehicular manslaughter client; no other cases are accepted. Aggressive defense by highly experienced attorneys with expert technical support. Immediate steps toward reinstatement of the client's driving privileges . Re-analysis of all blood and urine samples for alcohol and preservative by the firm's toxicologist. Investigation of equipment and procedures used in each breath test. Personal attention to the client and ease of access to the attorney. Insulation of the client from having to appear in court or at hearings, unless necessary. Free initial consultation at our offices or in the privacy of the individual's home. Major credit cards readily accepted. The firm maintains offices in: Long Beach: 562-989-4774 Irvine: 949-752-1550 San Diego: 619-232-5034 Woodland Hills: 818-707-1414 Riverside: 951-369-4999 Pasadena: 626-204-2858 Mr. Taylor is nationally recognized as the foremost authority on DUI / DWI litigation and constitutionality in the United States. A former prosecutor and Fulbright Professor of Law, he was a founder of the National College for DUI Defense , served on the Board of Regents and was elected Dean for 1995-1996; he is one of only 4 attorneys in California Board-certified by the National College's American Bar Association accredited specialist program as a DUI defense specialist. Thousands of attorneys have attended over 200 drunk driving seminars in 38 states to hear his successful techniques. He is listed in Who's Who in American Law and in The Bar Register of Preeminent Attorneys and has been featured in the Los Angeles Times, Christian Science Monitor, Wall Street Journal, Lawyer's Weekly USA , American Bar Association Journal , Los Angeles magazine, USA Today and National Law Journal . On July 25, 2002, at Harvard Law School, Lawrence Taylor was presented with the National College's "Lifetime Achievement Award". He was selected as one of Southern California's "Super Lawyers" for 2004, 2005 and 2006 in surveys of over 65,000 Los Angeles and Orange County attorneys. THE WEB'S PREMIER SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON DRUNK DRIVING LAW Home :: DUI FAQ's :: Drivers Guide :: Lawyer's Guide :: DUI Research :: DUI Checkpoints The DUI Officer :: DUI Books :: Audio Lectures :: DUI Nationally :: DUI Firms This site is hosted and maintained by: Law.Net ® :: Link to Us For further local DUI information, see the California DUI network of websites located at Los Angeles County DUI ...... Orange County DUI ...... San Diego County DUI ...... Riverside-San Bernardino County DUI ...... Ventura County DUI . Each site features general legal information in addition to local courts, law enforcement, prosecutors, etc. Return to Top © 1998 Lawrence Taylor :: All Rights Reserved

DWI Employment Law Entertainment

QUICK FACTS CENTER - LEGAL - DWI New York, NY Auto Accidents Bail Bonds Bankruptcy Business Law Class Action Criminal Law Debt Management/Relief DWI Employment Law Entertainment & Sport Law Family Law General Info Immigration Law Insurance Law Medical Malpractice Nursing Homes Personal Injury Pharmaceutical Litigation Products Liability Real Estate Law Social Security Stock Misrepresentation Tax Relief Wills and Estates Workman's Comp Health Home Improv. Financial Legal Autos Motorcycles Pets Want to sponsor this page? Contact us here . DWI Law Why was I charged with three violations for one DWI? Over the years drunk driving statutes have evolved not only to increasepenalties for repeat offenders but to add additional charges. Theseadditional charges increase theDWI conviction rate and make it more difficult for persons arrested ondrunk driving charges to defend against the charges. Initially anyone arrested for drunk driving was charged with "operating" or "driving" a motor vehicle while "under the influence of alcohol" (OUI or DUI) or "while intoxicated" (OWI or DWI). In each, the influence of alcohol on driving conduct had to be shown to support a conviction. This was an important issue from a defense attorney's point of view. The construction of the law required a prosecutor to demonstrate the individual's alcohol consumption, no matter how great, affected driving conduct. In short, if the individual's intoicication was not apparent from driving conduct, an acquittal was likely. Responding to public pressure for harsher drunk driving penalties, state legislators went straight to work to simplify the prosecutor's burden. A second offense was added to state statutes which is charged "IN ADDITION" to the DWI. This second charge makes it illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) greater than a specified statutory limit. In most states, including Minnesota, the BAC limit is 10. Many states have lowered this limit in recent years to .08. Tactical defense attorneys' challenged prosecutors in court arguing that urine, blood or breath tests to determine a driver's BAC were not tested at the time of the "driving conduct" but at some point after the driver had been arrested. As a result, the driver's BAC may not have been beyond the legal limit at the time the driving conduct. With this defense, Prosecutor's were tasked to find qualified medical experts totestify regarding the absorption rate of alcohol in each individual driver in order to prove the driver's BAC would have exceeded the legal limit at the time the motor vehicle was being operated. In response, State legislators again went to work to simplify the prosecutor's burden. A third statutory offense was added which makes it illegal to test with a blood alcohol concentration of .10 or more within two hours of operating a motor vehicle. No longer is it necessary for the prosecutor to call an expert regarding absorption rates and weight ratio's if a driver tested with a BAC of .10 or more within two hours of being stopped. This offense is charged IN ADDITION to DWI and operating a motor vehicle with a BAC above the legal limit. Good defense attorneys act swiftly when a driver charged with an alcohol related offense comes to their office. Vigilant attorneys analyze policereports to determine whether officers followed proper procedures while stopping or arresting DWI suspects. Police reports of the arrest arereviewed to find deviations from which might impair testing accuracy. Weather and road conditions, as well as the attire and medical condition of the driver at the time of arrest are also noted. After all of the evidence and each element of the case has been reviewed, effectivedefenses are discussed and devised. Today, more than ever, with changing laws and increasing penalties for alcohol related driving offenses, it is important to discuss your casewith an experienced DWI attorney. Getting a clean slate Jeff Burns (not his real name) is a reputable engineer. He is married and lives with his wife and three children in their comfortable home inthe suburbs. Things for Jeff were not always so nice. When Jeff was 21 years old, he was arrested for stealing money from hisemployer to finance his then out of control drug habit. In court, anagreement was reached to temporarily stay the court proceedings. Inessence, jeff was given another chance. He was placed on probation for aperiod of two years conditioned on his repayment of the money he hadstolen and further conditioned on remaining law biding. Well, Jeffcleaned up his act, attending treatment and repaying the money. Now, seven years later, Jeff is applying for a position in management.His employer wants him to sign a routine approval to obtain his criminalrecord. Jeff knows that ifhis employer learns about the theft, he won't get the job. What can he do? One answer may be an expungement. Minnesota allows all records relatingto an arrest, indictment or information, trial, or verdict to be sealedso that they are inaccessible except by a court order. Expungements areavailable in only a limited number of situations. Under MinnesotaStatutes Section 609A, an expungement may be available for certaincontrolled substance offenses, juveniles prosecuted as adults, orcriminal proceedings not resulting in a conviction. In Jeff's case, prosecution was stayed conditioned on repayment of themoney he took and that he remain law abiding. Jeff qualified for anexpungement when hecompleted the conditions of his probation. A petition was filed to sealall arrest records prior to Jeff s job interview. By the time his jobapplication was processed, hiscriminal records were sealed. Jeff received the management position. Even if an expungement is not available initially, a person convicted ofa criminal offense may consider other options including reopening thecriminal case or apetition for a pardon. Automobile Insurance What will happen to my automobile insurance? If you received a DWI or other ticket, insurance companies are notautomatically notified of the offense. They must run a driving recordcheck to become awareof the ticket. Insurance companies generally do not check drivingrecords on a regularbasis. Instead, random driving record checks are performed. Moreover,when a new client is seeking insurance or when an old client request achange in their policy, a driving record review may be performed. If the insurance company discovers a DWI conviction, insurance ratesskyrocket. Oftendrivers with DWI convictions will be placed on "risk" insurance wherethe rates may be as steep as $600 per month. In some cases, theinsurance company will drop the driver as an insured on the firstrenewal date. In order to keep your insurance rates down, it is important to keep yourdriving record as clean as possible. Different insurance companies offerdifferent rates. In fact, there are some insurance companies thatspecialize in "risk" insurance. As a result, it is important to shoparound to determine the best rates and coverage possible. Drivingwithout proper insurance is an offense in itself and may result in thesuspension of your drivers license. If you recently received a DWI or other traffic ticket, you may decreasethe likelihood ofincreased insurance rates by keeping a low profile with the insurancecompany: * DO NOT buy a new car DO NOT change insurance coverage; DO NOT change insurance companies. Though taking these steps is not a guarantee, it may help to prevent theinsurance company from reviewing your driving record. In some cases,your rates may be lowered again if you complete a required amount oftime with no further traffic violations. Ten things to do in the ten days after your arrest. Ten. If you need to save your driver's license you or your attorney mustusuallynotify the drivers license bureau immediately! Nine. You must notify the licensing bureau in writing and have a receipt ofdelivery, even by fax if necessary. If time is running or you are late,contactattorney ASAP! Eight. Don't rely on a telephone call alone. It is well known that when theemployeetells "you'll be contacted later" something will go wrong. Seven Even if you did not receive a temporary license paper from the officer,thelicensing bureau will take action against your driving privilegesimmediately. Six Even if you have a license from another state, and even if the officerdid nottake your license, your state may also take action against your drivingprivileges. Five TEMPORARY DRIVERLICENSES are only valid for seven days after your arrest. Four Do not confuse this page's license issue with your criminal court date!Minnesota punishes you both by taking your license in a civil proceedingandthen punishing you again in court on criminal charges. Three. There are three (3) issues at most hearings if you completed a chemicaltest.(Stop, Charge, Test). If you refused, this fact will be used against youto showyour guilt. Usually you must explain refusals completely to win. Two. The government has the burden of proof to prevail on all DWI issues, orrefusalmatters. If the government meets the burden of proof on only part of theissues,you win. It's the law! One All your attorney has to do is knock out one issue to save your licenseand you avoid the harsh civil and criminal penalties! DWI Charges A DWI first offense with a Blood alcohol content less than .20 is amisdemeanor punishable by a $700 fine and/or up to 90 days in jail. A DWI is a gross misdemeanor if you have two offenses within 5 years orthree offenses in ten years or if your blood alcohol content is .20 orgreater. It is also a gross misdemeanor if you receive a DWI with achild under the age of 16 in the vehicle if the child is also more than36 months younger than the driver. A gross misdemeanor ispunishable by a $3000 fine and/or up to one year in jail. Under Minnesota Statutes 169.129, Aggravated DWI-related violations areIt is a gross misdemeanor for any person to drive, operate, or be inphysical controlof a motor vehicle, the operation of which requires a driver's license,within this state or upon the ice of any boundary water of this state inviolation of section 169.121 (DWI statute) or an ordinance in conformitywith it before the person's driver'slicense or driving privilege has been reinstated following itscancellation, suspension, revocation, disqualification. www.dwicounsel.com Service Directory Segments are written by area legal professionals and are paid features. Want to sponsor this page? Contact us here . Health Home Improv. Financial Legal Autos Motorcycles Pets

Field sobriety tests are

Field Sobriety If you are charged with a DWI charge hire Attorney & Former Missouri State Trooper vigorously defend you ! Missouri DWI Field sobriety tests are designed to test divided attention. They work off the assumption that a person not under the influence of drugs or alcohol can perform multiple tasks at the same time - that is, they can multi-task, and that an intoxicated person - whether intoxicated by drugs or alcohol - cannot multi-task, but must focus on one task at a time in order to sufficiently perform the task. The problem with many Missouri field sobriety tests given by law enforcement officers is that only three of them have been validated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Here are the tests most given by police officers: Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus - the officer will ask the driver to follow a pen, finger, or other object from side to side. The officer is looking for a jerking of the eye, smooth pursuit of the finger or object, or a trembling of the eye. The test has a possible six points, with four or more points failing. Walk and turn - the officer will ask the driver to start with his right foot in front of his left, arms to his side as the officer explains the instructions to the driver. The officer will then tell the driver to look at his own feet as he takes nine steps down in a straight line, walking heel-to-toe, counting each step out loud, keeping his hands to his sides. At the end of nine steps the driver is to slowly turn, taking small steps to complete the turn, then return nine steps in the same manner as before. The officer is looking for the driver to use his arms for balance, step off line, begin before the instructions are completed, improperly turn, not touch heel to toe, or other signs of intoxication. The test has a possible nine points, with two or more failing. One leg stand - the driver is asked to stand with their heels together, pointed at a forty-five degree angle, hands at their side, then raise one leg about six inches off the ground, toe pointed outward, and while looking at their toe count aloud until instructed to stop. The officer is looking for the driver to use his arms for balance, hop on one foot, place his foot down, sway, not look at his feet, not count aloud, muscle tremors, or other signs of intoxication. The test has a possible five points, with two or more failing. Finger to nose - the driver is instructed to close his eyes, raise his arms out to his sides, and when instructed to touch the tip of whichever finger the officer tells him to the tip of his nose. The officer is looking for inability to follow instructions, swaying, tremors, or other signs of intoxication. There are no standardized points for this test. Rhomberg balance test - this test challenges the drivers "internal clock". This test assumes that most people can estimate 30 seconds when sober. The driver is instructed to tilt their head backward with their eyes closed. That driver is instructed that when he believes that 30 seconds has passed he is open his eyes and look forward and tell the officer to stop the test. The officer is looking for the driver to stop the test early or late, sway, lose balance, muscle tremors, or other signs of intoxication. There are no standardized points for this test. Alphabet - the driver is instructed to say, not sign, the alphabet start to finish. The officer is looking for confusion, missed letters, slurred speech, the smell of alcoholic beverages coming from the driver when he speaks, and other signs of intoxication. There are no standardized points for this test. Counting - the driver is instructed to slowly count backwards from a given number to another given number. The officer is looking for confusion, missed numbers, slurred speech, the smell of alcoholic beverages coming from the driver when he speaks, the driver not remembering where to stop counting, and other signs of intoxication. There are no standardized points for this test. Portable Breath Test - this is a handheld breath testing device that the driver is instructed to blow into for a certain time period. This is not a point-assessed test. The officer is merely looking for above .08 or below .08. The machine, however, does render an exact BAC reading. The exact number is not admissible in court. An attorney with the understanding and background on these tests can challenge the officer's testimony on how they were administered and what the test results mean. Also, oftentimes police officers administer these tests in such a way as to make the driver believe he must submit to them. In fact, there are no requirements under Missouri law that drivers do so. Submitting to these tests is completely voluntary . Other problems include, some are not validated, all are subjectively interpreted by the officer, they are typically administered on the side of a busy roadway. Roadways have rocks, are uneven, have traffic driving by, and are administered outdoors where weather, lighting, and movement of other objects in the area may be a factor. Additionally, these tests assume that all persons stopped are healthy, active people with "normal" physical abilities. Noteworthy is the fact that the validity of these test is questioned if the administrator of the test is using them to estimate BAC below .10. Proper administration of this test includes giving precise instructions provide in the training materials. For more information on how we challenge Missouri DWI charges , contact us ! Click here to send an email to Missouri DWI Attorney Michael Selby! Click here to learn more about the Law Firm of Selby & Panka, LLC ! If you are having problems accessing this site click here to go to our other Missouri DWI Defense site! WHERE DO WE PRACTICE Kansas City, MO Practice areas: 64101 Kansas City, MO, 64102 Kansas City, MO, 64105 Kansas City, MO, 64106 Kansas City, MO, 64108 Kansas City, MO, 64109 Kansas City, MO, 64110 Kansas City, MO, 64111 Kansas City, MO, 64112 Kansas City, MO, 64113 Kansas City, MO, 64114 Kansas City, MO, 64116 Kansas City, MO, 64117 Kansas City, MO, 64118 Kansas City, MO, 64119 Kansas City, MO, 64120 Kansas City, MO, 64123 Kansas City, MO, 64124 Kansas City, MO, 64125 Kansas City, MO, 64126 Kansas City, MO, 64127 Kansas City, MO, 64128 Kansas City, MO, 64129 Kansas City, MO, 64130 Kansas City, MO, 64131 Kansas City, MO, 64132 Kansas City, MO, 64133 Kansas City, MO, 64134 Kansas City, MO, 64136 Kansas City, MO, 64137 Kansas City, MO, 64138 Kansas City, MO, 64139 Kansas City, MO, 64144 Kansas City, MO, 64145 Kansas City, MO, 64146 Kansas City, MO, 64147 Kansas City, MO, 64149 Kansas City, MO, 64150 Kansas City, MO, 64151 Kansas City, MO, 64068 Liberty, MO, 64152 Kansas City, MO, 64153 Kansas City, MO, 64154 Kansas City, MO, 64155 Kansas City, MO, 64156 Kansas City, MO, 64157 Kansas City, MO, 64158 Kansas City, MO, 64160 Kansas City, MO, 64161 Kansas City, MO, 64163 Kansas City, MO, 64164 Kansas City, MO, 64165 Kansas City, MO, 64166 Kansas City, MO, 64167 Kansas City, MO, 64170 Kansas City, MO, 64173 Kansas City, MO, 64180 Kansas City, MO, 64183 Kansas City, MO, 64184 Kansas City, MO, 64185 Kansas City, MO, 64187 Kansas City, MO, 64189 Kansas City, MO, 64192 Kansas City, MO, 64193 Kansas City, MO, 64194 Kansas City, MO, 64197 Kansas City, MO, 64198 Kansas City, MO, 64944 Kansas City, MO, 64999 Kansas City, MO. Clay County, MO Practice areas: 64116 North Kansas City, MO, 64068 Liberty, MO, 64069 Liberty, MO, 64087 Liberty, MO, 64117 Randolph, MO, 64116 Gladstone, MO, 64118 Gladstone, MO, 64119 Gladstone, MO, 64155 Gladstone, MO, 64156 Gladstone, MO, 64166 Gladstone, MO, 64069 Liberty, MO, 64087 Liberty, MO, 64024 Excelsior Springs, MO, 64117 Avondale, MO, 64161 Birmingham, MO, 64119 Claycomo, MO, 64118 Oakview, MO, 64068 Pleasant Valley, MO, 64073 Mosby, MO, 65202 Prathersville, MO, 64072 Missouri City, MO, 64161 Randolph, MO, 64188 Gladstone, MO, 64060 Kearney, MO, 64089 Smithville, MO, 64165 Gladstone, MO, and all Kansas City North, MO locations. Jackson County, MO Practice areas: 64050 Independence, MO, 64052 Independence, MO, 64053 Independence, MO, 64054 Independence, MO, 64055 Independence, MO, 64056 Independence, MO, 64057 Independence, MO, 64058 Independence, MO, 64013 Blue Springs, MO, 64014 Blue Springs, MO, 64015 Blue Springs, MO, 64029 Grain Valley, MO, 64034 Greenwood, MO, 64063 Lake Lotawana, MO, 64086 Lake Lotawana, MO, 64063 Lee's Summit, MO, 64064 Lee's Summit, MO, 64065 Lee's Summit, MO, 64081 Lee's Summit, MO, 64082 Lee's Summit, MO, 64086 Lee's Summit, MO, 64129 Raytown, MO, 64133 Raytown, MO, 64138 Raytown, MO, 64050 Sugar Creek, MO, 64053 Sugar Creek, MO, 64054 Sugar Creek, MO, 64056 Sugar Creek, MO, 64058 Sugar Creek, MO, 64065 Unity Village, MO, 64015 Lake Tapawingo, MO, and all Kansas City, MO locations. Platte County, MO Practice areas: 64079 Platte City, MO, 64163 Ferrelview, MO, 64151 Houston Lake, MO, 64151 Lake Waukomis, MO, 64151 Parkville, MO, 64152 Parkville, MO, 64151 Platte Woods, MO, 64152 Weatherby Lake, MO, 64153 Weatherby Lake, MO. Ray County, MO Practice areas: 64012 Belton, MO, 64701 Harrisonville, MO, 64078 Peculiar, MO, 64080 Pleasant Hill, MO. Lafayette County, MO Practice areas: 64011 Bates City, MO, 64076 Odessa, MO, 64075 Oak Grove, MO. Additionally, we represent persons charged with their third DWI, or a felony DWI, anywhere in the State of Missouri. To visit our firm's main web site please go to www.selbypankalaw.com ! If this site is not performing properly please go to www.stonefitproducts.com ! Home Page | About Us | Search | Site Map | Police Tactics | Legal Disclaimer | DWI FAQ's | Defense Tactics | DWI License Suspensions | Criminal Penalties | Missouri DWI Law | Missouri DWI Caselaw | Driver Errors | Calculate your BAC | Links